Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Tin học

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1. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới ENGLISH FOR INFORMATICS Cố vấn chương trình : Nguyễn Quốc Hùng, M.A Biên soạn : Nguyễn Thị Bắc, M.A Trần Hương Giang, M.A Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành i Tin học
2. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION 7 Unit 1: types of computers 8 Unit 2: Word proccessor 13 Unit 3: Computer hardware components 17 Unit 4: storage and memory 22 Unit 5: Computer software 27 Unit 6: operating system 31 Unit 7: programming language 35 Unit 8: netWORKS 40 Unit 9: information security 44 Unit 10: Ibm 49 REFERENCES 54 Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành ii Tin học
3. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới TABLE OF CONTENT Unit Skills Activities Unit 1 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Types of computers Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Reading Exercise 4 Match each of the following types of computer with its name. Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and write the name for each type of computer next to the sentence. Language work Exercise 6 Now convert each Noun phrase (1) of the following clauses into a noun phrase Exercise 7 Translate the noun phrase into Vietnamese Unit 2 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Word proccessor Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Reading Exercise 4 Read the following passage and decide Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 1 Tin học
4. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới whether the following statements are true or false Listening Exercise 5 T.S 3 Listen to a short introduction about the characteristics of a word processor and fill in each gap with one suitable word Language work Exercise 6 Complete the sentences by finding the missing letters Unit 3 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Computer hardware Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations components Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap reading Exercise 4 Match each of the following names with one part of the computer as indicated in the picture. Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and write the name for each part (CPU, Peripheral, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor) LISTENING Exercise 6 Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given LANGUAGE Exercise 7 Now join the WORK following ideas with but or and Unit 4 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Storage and memory Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 2 Tin học
5. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Listening Exercise 4 T.S 3 Listen and decide whether the statements are true or false READING Exercise 5: Choose a suitable word in the box to fill in the gap. LANGUAGE Exercise 6 Complete the WORK sentences by finding the missing letters Unit 5 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese Computer software Pronunciation translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Listening Exercise 4 Listen and choose a suitable word in the box to fill in the gap Reading Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and write the name for each type of software next to the sentence. Language work: IN/ Exercise 6 Join the following FROM/ THROUGH pair of clauses to make longer WHICH sentences Unit 6 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Operating system Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 3 Tin học
6. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Reading Exercise 4 Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? Listening Exercise 5: Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given Language work: Exercise 6 Now join the before/ after/ while + following pairs of clauses Ving Unit 7 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Programming Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations language Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap READING Exercise 4 Read the description of four traits of programming language and match them with the right traits. LISTENING Exercise 5T.S 3 Listen to a short introduction about the usage of Programming language and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. Exercise 6 T.S 4 Listen to the following passage and decide whether the statements are true or fasle. LANGUAGE Exercise 7 Complete the WORK sentences by finding the missing letters Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 4 Tin học
7. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 8 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Network Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap READING Exercise 4 Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)? LISTENING Exercise 5: Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given Language work: By Exercise 6 Now choose one + Ving of the phrases in the box to complete each sentence. Unit 9 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English Information security Pronunciation terms and Vietnamese translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap LISTENING Exercise 4 T.S 3 Listen to a short introduction about Information Security and decide whether the following statements are true or false Reading Exercise 5 Choose ONE suitable word from the box to fill in the gap Exercise 6 Complete the Language work sentences by finding the missing letters Unit 10 Vocabulary and Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 5 Tin học
8. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới IBM Pronunciation translations Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practise Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap Reading Exercise 4 Read the passage about the History of IBM company and decide whether the following statements are true or false Exercise 5 Match the description and the logos Listening Exercise 6 T.S 3 Listen to a short talk about Environment record of IBM and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word LANGUAGE Exercise 7 Complete the WORK sentences by finding the missing letters Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 6 Tin học
9. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới INTRODUCTION 1. The authors The course is designed by two teachers of English at Hanoi University of Technology, Ms. Tran Huong Giang and Ms. Nguyen Thi Bac. They both have Masters Degree in English language. They have a lot of experience in teaching English in general and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in particualar. They also have experience in designing materials for different courses. 2. The course English for Informatics is a course on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) designed to develop the English skills and basic knowledge in electronics for technical students and engineers who work in the field. This textbook is intended for learners who begin to take the course of English in electronics. The most important aim of the course is to help students develop the ability to deal with the concepts used in technical texts. The book consists of ten units which can be completed in twenty 45 minute class hours. The units are organized around the various topics used in electronics field. The skills are introduced as they relate to the topic. Each unit in the book is divided into different sections: Vocabulary and Pronunciation: This consists of three exercises which provide new terms related to the topic. Reading: There are two or three exercises in this part which contain comprehension questions to help students understand the reading text better. Language Focus: This sections introduces theory and practice on certain grammatical or vocabulary feature. Listening: This part provides exercises to improve students’ listening skills. Although we hope that you will enjoy working through this textbook, we do not expect you find it easy. If you have any questions regarding the course, please do not be hesitating to contact us. We are always happy to share with you our expertise and experience of studying this subject. Business English Academy Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 7 Tin học
10. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 1 types of computers Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations English Vietnamese 1. built-in keyboard a. máy tính để bàn 2. desktop computer b. máy tính xách tay 3. docking station c. chuột kiểu que trỏ 4. extranet d. cổng 5. intranet e. bàn phím gắn liền 6. laptop f. màn hình cảm ứng 7. liquid Crystal Display (LCD) g. mạng bên ngồi 8. optical drive h. trạm nối 9. personal computer (PC) i. mạng cục bộ, mạng nội bộ 10. personal digital assistant (PDA) j. ổ quang 11. pointing stick k. bộ nhớ truy cập ngẫu nhiên 12. port l. thiết bị kỹ thuật số hỗ trợ cá nhân 13. random access memory (RAM) m. chuột cảm ứng 14. touch screen n. màn hình tinh thể lỏng 15. touchpad o. máy tính cá nhân Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice 1. built-in keyboard 6. laptop 11. pointing stick 2. desktop computer 7. liquid Crystal Display 12. port 3. docking station 8. optical drive 13. random access memory 4. extranet 9. personal computer 14. touch screen 5. intranet 10. personal digital assistant 15. touchpad Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 8 Tin học
11. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap. built-in keyboard laptop pointing sticks extranet personal computer touch screen intranet personal digital assistant touchpad 1. . are popular on many laptop systems. 2. A is a computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch. 3. A . mimics the functions of a computer mouse. 4. An is a Web site for selected users, rather than for the general public. 5. An is a private network that is contained within an organization that uses computers. Reading Types of Computer Computers can be classified as: desktop computers; personal digital assistants (PDA's); laptop and notebook computers. A desktop computer is a personal computer (PC) in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop or portable computer. Prior to the wide spread of microprocessors a computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small. Today the phrase usually indicates a particular style of computer case. Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large vertical tower cases to small form factor models that can be tucked behind an LCD monitor. In this sense, the term 'desktop' refers specifically to a horizontally-oriented case, usually intended to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the desk top. Most modern desktop computers have separate screens and keyboards. A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as small or palmtop computers. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling them to be used as mobile phones (smartphones), web browsers, or portable media players. Many PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs). Many PDAs employ touch screen technology. A notebook is a small and lightweight portable computer, with most of the features of a standard laptop computer but smaller. Notebooks are smaller than laptops but larger than handheld computers. They often have smaller-sized screens, usually measuring from 7 inches (17.7 cm) to 13.3 inches (33.78 cm), and a weight from less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs) up to about 2 kg (4.4 lbs). The savings in size and weight are usually achieved Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 9 Tin học
12. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới partly by omitting ports or having removable media/optical drives; notebooks are often paired with docking stations to compensate. Exercise 4 Match each of the following types of computer with its name. a. desktop computer Figure . b. personal digital assistant (PDA's) Figure . c. laptop Figure . d. notebook Figure . Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Exercise 5 Read the text again and write the name for each type of computer next to the sentences. Write: D = desktop computer PDA = personal digital assistant L = laptop N = notebook 1. Omitting ports or having removable optical drives makes it smaller and lighter. 2. It may be used as mobile phones, web browsers. 3. It is in a form intended for regular use at a single location. 4. It employs touch screen technology. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 10 Tin học
13. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 5. It has most of the features of a standard laptop computer but smaller. 6. It may have a vertical tower cases or a horizontally-oriented case. 7. It is paired with docking stations. 8. It has separate screens and keyboards. Listening Exercise 6 Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given power displays functions mobile weigh mouse keyboard battery failure price A laptop computer or simply laptop is a small (1) computer, typically weighing 3 to 12 pounds (1.4 to 5.4 kg), although older laptops may (2) . more. Laptops usually run on a single main (3) or from an external AC/DC adapter that charges the battery while also supplying (4) to the computer itself even in the event of a power (5) Laptops contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same (6) ., but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption, although typically less powerful for the same (7) . Laptops usually have liquid crystal (8) and most of them use different memory modules for their random access memory (RAM). In addition to a built-in (9) ., they may utilize a touchpad or a pointing stick for input, though an external keyboard or (10) can usually be attached. Language work: WHICH We use WHICH to connect two clauses. E.g: A battery charger is a device. The device is used to put energy into a secondary cell. → A battery charger is a device which is used to put energy into a secondary cell. Exercise 7 Join the following pair of clauses to make longer sentences 1. A fuse is a protection device. The device operates once and then has to be replaced. 2. A softswitch is a central device. This device connects calls from one phone line to another. 3. Wi-Fi allows connectivity in peer-to-peer mode. This mode enables devices to connect directly with each other. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 11 Tin học
14. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 4. Routers incorporate a DSL-modem and a Wi-Fi access point. Routers provide Internet-access and internetworking to all devices connected to them. 5. System software can be operating systems. The operating systems interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software. 6. A battery is two or more electrochemical cells. These cells store chemical energy and make it available as electrical energy. 7. Incandescent light bulbs consist of a glass enclosure. The glass enclosure is filled with an inert gas. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 12 Tin học
15. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 2 Word proccessor Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations English Vietnamese 1. word processor a. bàn phím 2. composition b. biên tập 3. editing c. bộ xử lý từ 4. formatting d. chỉ số 5. obsolete e. chú thích 6. keyboard f. cơ sở dữ liệu 7. dedicated computer g. đánh dấu 8. monochrome display h. đĩa, mềm 9. memory card i. định dạng 10. diskette j. hiển thị đen trắng 11. dot-matrix printing k. in kim 12. markup l. lỗi thời 13. database m. máy tính chuyên dụng 14. mail merging n. soạn thảo 15. indices o. tham khảo chéo 16. cross-referencing p. thẻ nhớ 17. annotation q. trình kết hợp thư Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 13 Tin học
16. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice 1. word processor 7. dedicated computer 13. database 2. composition 8. monochrome 14. mail merging display 3. editing 9. memory card 15. indices 4. formatting 10. diskette 16. cross-referencing 5. obsolete 11. dot-matrix printing 17. annotation 6. keyboard 12. markup Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap editing memory cards indices word processor diskette cross-referencing Keyboard markup capabilities 1. Desktop publishing programs allowed users to import text that they have written using a text editor or 2. Read-only optical discs have replaced the in most current home console systems. 3. The idea of .languages was apparently first presented by publishing executive William W. Tunnicliffe at a conference in 1967. 4. allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. 5. Mail Merge Toolkit is powerful add-in for Microsoft Office 2002 (XP) and 2003 designed to extend in Microsoft Outlook. reading Exercise 4 Read the following passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false A word processor (more formally known as document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material. Word processor may also refer to an obsolete type of stand-alone office machine, popular in the 1970s and 80s, combining the keyboard text-entry and printing functions of an electric typewriter with a dedicated computer for the editing of text. Although features and design varied between manufacturers and models, with new Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 14 Tin học
17. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới features added as technology advanced, word processors for several years usually featured a monochrome display and the ability to save documents on memory cards or diskettes. Later models introduced innovations such as spell-checking programs, increased formatting options, and dot-matrix printing. As the more versatile combination of a personal computer and separate printer became commonplace, the word processor disappeared. Word processors are descended from early text formatting tools (sometimes called text justification tools, from their only real capability). Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity. Although early word processors used tag-based markup for document formatting, most modern word processors take advantage of a graphical user interface. Most are powerful systems consisting of one or more programs that can produce any arbitrary combination of images, graphics and text, the latter handled with type-setting capability. Microsoft Word is the most widely used computer word processing system; Microsoft estimates over five hundred million people use the Office suite, which includes Word. There are also many other commercial word processing applications, such as WordPerfect, which dominated the market from the mid-1980s to early-1990s, particularly for machines running Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system. Open-source applications such as OpenOffice.org Writer and KWord are rapidly gaining in popularity. Online word processors such as Google Docs are a relatively new category. 1. A word processor is a system to prepare documents. 2. No memory cards are used in a word processor. 3. Spell-checking programs were one of the first use of word processor. 4. Thanks to the combination of personal computers and printers, the word processor was not in use any more. 5. Microsoft Word is the most popularly used computer word processing system. listening Exercise 5 T.S 3 Listen to a short introduction about the characteristics of a word processor and fill in each gap with one suitable word Characteristics Word processing typically refers to text manipulation functions such as automatic generation of: • batch mailings using a form letter template and an address (1) (also called mail merging); Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 15 Tin học
18. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới • indices of keywords and their page (2); • tables of contents with section titles and their page numbers; • tables of figures with caption titles and their page numbers; • (3) with section or page numbers; • footnote numbering; • new versions of a document using variables (e.g. model numbers, product names, etc.) Other word processing functions include "spell checking" (actually checks against wordlists), "grammar checking" (checks for what seem to be simple grammar errors), and a "thesaurus" function (finds words with similar or opposite meanings). In most languages grammar is very complex, so (4) checkers tend to be unreliable and also require a large amount of RAM. Other common features include collaborative editing, comments and (5), support for images and diagrams and internal cross-referencing. Language work Exercise 6 Complete the sentences by finding the missing letters 1. To perform word processing, you need a computer, a special program called a word p r, and a printer 2. E g is the process of preparing language, images, or sound through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media. 3. Disk f g is the process of preparing a hard disk or other storage medium for use, including setting up an empty file system. 4. The advantages of both a color display and a high-resolution m e display are realized in a single display system by eliminating color filters from the display screen of the display system. 5. A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data s .e device used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers. 6. A d e is a random access, removable data storage medium that can be used with personal computers. 7. A d e is a collection of data which is managed to meet the needs of a community of users. 8. A n is extra information asserted with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 16 Tin học
19. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 3 Computer hardware components Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations English Vietnamese 1. Computing function a. đồ họa 2. driver b. giống với, tương tự 3. electronic device c. máy chữ 4. graphical d. đèn hình, ống hình 5. input device e. chức năng tính tốn 6. interface f. thiết bị điện tử 7. keyboard g. bàn phím 8. modify h. giao diện 9. monitor i. gĩi phần mềm 10. output device j. màn hình 11. peripheral k. ổ đĩa 12. picture tube l. thiết bị đầu ra 13. resemble m. ngoại vi 14. software package n. điều chỉnh, cải biên 15. typewriter o. thiết bị đầu vào Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice 1. computing function 6. interface 11. peripheral 2. driver 7. keyboard 12. picture tube 3. electronic device 8. modify 13. resemble 4. graphical 9. monitor 14. software package 5. input device 10. output device 15. typewriter Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 17 Tin học
20. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap. Driver keyboard picture tube graphical peripheral software package input device output device typewriter 1. A . is a device connected to a computer; for example, a terminal or printer. 2. An allows the transfer of information to a computer system. 3. A computer uses an to present data to a user. 4. Computer parts need a because they do not use standard commands. 5. The . is an input device designed to enter text, characters and other commands into the computer. Reading The Actual Computer Your "computer" is a collection of devices that function as a unit. The most basic collection includes a Computer CPU, a Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse. The Computer CPU is normally a rectangular box that sits on your desktop (called a "Desktop Case") or next to your knee under the desk (called a "Tower Case"). The computer's CPU is actually a small electronic device inside the case but the term is often used to refer to the whole collection of electronics inside the box. The Monitor The Computer Monitor is the computer user's window into the workings of the computer. It consists of a television picture tube that had been modified to accept the type of video signal created by the computer's electronics. Conventional televisions can be used as computer monitors if a translation device is used to connect them. The picture quality leaves something to be desired. The Keyboard The Keyboard is the primary input device used to communicate with the computer. A computer keyboard closely resembles a conventional typewriter keyboard with the addition of numerous keys that are used specifically for computing functions. The Mouse Named for the resemblance of the wire coming out of it and a mouse's tail, the mouse was introduced to computing in the early 1980's when Macintosh created its graphical user interface (GUI). The mouse is another input device used to point at objects on the Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 18 Tin học
21. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới computer monitor and select them. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows the computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. Peripherals Computer peripherals are any electronic devices that can be hooked up to a computer other than the standard input-output devices (monitor, keyboard, mouse). Peripheral devices include speakers, microphones, printers, scanners, digital cameras, plotters, and modems. Peripherals often require special software packages called "drivers". These drivers are usually included with the peripheral at purchase time. Exercise 4 Match each of the following names with one part of the computer as indicated in the picture. a. printer b. CPU c. Monitor d. Keyboard e. Mouse Exercise 5 Read the text again and write the name for each part (CPU, Peripheral, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor) next to each sentence. 1. It can be a speaker, microphone, printer, scanner, digital camera, plotter, and modem. 2. It is used to point at objects on the computer monitor and select them. 3. It is normally a rectangular box that sits on your desktop or next to your knee under the desk. 4. It often requires special software packages. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 19 Tin học
22. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 5. It closely resembles one part of a conventional typewriter. 6. It is the computer user's window into the workings of the computer. 7. It is actually a small electronic device inside the case. 8. It is a device that can be hooked up to a computer other than a input-output device. 9. It consists of a television picture tube. 10. It was introduced to computing in the early 1980's. Listening Exercise 6 Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given Disks information Laser data Technology place Hardware distribution Collection correspond The CD-ROM Drive This modern miracle gained prominence in the late 1980's and has become the primary (1) . medium for software to consumers. The Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) disk itself is a (2) . of concentric circles containing millions of pits and plateaus which (3) to on/off bits of data. The disk is read with an optical (4) similar to the one used to scan your groceries at the supermareket. Most (5) of this kind are "Read Only" meaning that the computer can retrieve (6) . from the disk, but cannot (7) information on it. New developments have improved this (8) . to allow writing and rewriting (9) to the disk. A different kind of (10) mechanism is needed to employ this innovation. Language work We use AND to express similar ideas and BUT to express contrasting ideas E.g Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 20 Tin học
23. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Silver conducts electricity very well, and copper is also a good conductor. Silver conducts electricty well, but glass has very poor electrical property. Exercise 7 Now join the following ideas with but or and 1. The paths may split off here and there, . they always for a line from the negative to positive. 2. High voltage power lines are covered with thick layers of plastic to make them safe, they become very dangerous when the line breaks and the wire is exposed. 3. The nearest band to one end of a resistor identifies the ‘first number’, the second band identifies a ‘second number’. 4. A conductor allows electrical current to pass easily through, an insulator doesn't. 5. In a p-n diode, conventional current can flow from the p-type side to the n-type side , it cannot flow in the opposite direction. 6. Diodes have two active electrodes between which the signal of interest may flow, most are used for their unidirectional current property. 7. The track is usually rotary, . straight track versions are also available. 8. Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, . such insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductors. 9. The resultant crystal has two distinct regions of n-type and p-type material, . the boundary joining the two areas is known as an n-p junction. 10. In frequency modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is kept constant, the frequency is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating signal. 11. The 'Charge' is called the amount of stored electricity on the plates, . it is proportional to the applied voltage and capacitor's 'capacitance'. 12. Active components are power sources, . passive components are resistors, capacitors, microprocessors, transistors 13. Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, such insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductor. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 21 Tin học
24. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 4 storage and memory Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations English Vietnamese 1. temporary storage a. bộ lưu trữ dung lượng lớn 2. mass storage b. bộ lưu trữ ngoại tuyến 3. optical discs c. bộ lưu trữ sơ cấp 4. magnetic storage d. bộ lưu trữ thứ cấp 5. primary storage e. bộ nhớ 6. secondary storage f. cấu trúc 7. architecture of computers g. chuỗi 8. memory h. đa năng 9. drawback i. datum 10. datum j. đĩa quang 11. binary numeral system k. hạn chế 12. string l. hệ thống số nhị phân 13. versatile m. hiệu suất, sự vận hành 14. von Neumann machines n. máy tính Von Neumann 15. hierarchy o. sự cân bằng 16. tradeoff p. sự lưu trữ bằng từ tính 17. performance q. sự lưu trữ tạm thời 18. off-line storage r. trật tự Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 22 Tin học
25. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice 1. temporary storage 7. architecture of computers 13. versatile 2. mass storage 8. memory 14. von Neumann machines 3. optical discs 9. drawback 15. hierarchy 4. magnetic storage 10. datum 16. tradeoff 5. primary storage 11. binary numeral system 17. performance 6. secondary storage 12. string 18. off-line storage Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap mass storage temporary storage von Neumann machines magnetic storage datum Tradeoff primary storage binary numeral system String 1. is a visible clipboard, where the user stores temporary items during editing. 2 , also known as main storage or memory, is the main area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor. 3. A digital computer represents each using the binary numeral system. 4. A is able to move over interstellar or interplanetary distances and to utilize local materials to build new copies of itself. 5. A of bits or bytes, for example, may be used to represent data retrieved from a communications medium. T.S 2 1. Temporary Storage is a visible clipboard, where the user stores temporary items during editing. 2. Primary storage, also known as main storage or memory, is the main area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 23 Tin học
26. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 3. A digital computer represents each datum using the binary numeral system. 4. A von Neumann machine is able to move over interstellar or interplanetary distances and to utilize local materials to build new copies of itself. 5. A string of bits or bytes, for example, may be used to represent data retrieved from a communications medium. Listening Exercise 4 T.S 3 Listen and decide whether the statements are true or false 1. Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time. 2. Computer data storage provides one of the core functions of the modern calculator, that of information retention. 3. It is one of the fundamental components of all modern computers, and coupled with a central processing unit (CPU, a processor), implements the basic computer model used since the 1940s. 4. In contemporary usage, memory usually refers to a form of semiconductor storage known as random access memory (RAM) and sometimes other forms of fast but temporary storage. 5. Similarly, storage today more commonly refers to mass storage - optical discs, forms of magnetic storage like hard disks, and other types slower than RAM, but of a more permanent nature. 6. Historically, memory and storage were respectively called primary storage and secondary storage. 7. The contemporary distinctions are helpful, because they are also fundamental to the architecture of computers in particular. 8. As well, they reflect an important and significant technical similarities between memory and mass storage devices, which has been blurred by the historical usage of the term storage. reading Exercise 5: Choose a suitable word in the box to fill in the gap. Von Neumann machines storage string hierarchy Processor computer versatile system Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 24 Tin học
27. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Purpose of storage Various forms of (1) , based on various natural phenomena, have been invented. So far, no practical universal storage medium exists, and all forms of storage have some drawbacks. Therefore a computer (2) usually contains several kinds of storage, each with an individual purpose. A digital computer represents each datum using the binary numeral system. Text, numbers, pictures, audio, and nearly any other form of information can be converted into a (3) of bits, or binary digits, each of which has a value of 1 or 0. The most common unit of storage is the byte, equal to 8 bits. A piece of information can be handled by any computer whose storage space is large enough to accommodate the binary representation of the piece of information, or simply data. For example, using eight million bits, or about one megabyte, a typical computer could store a small novel. Traditionally the most important part of every computer is the central processing unit (CPU, or simply a (4) ), because it actually operates on data, performs any calculations, and controls all the other components. Without significant amount of memory, a (5) would merely be able to perform fixed operations and immediately output the result. It would have to be reconfigured to change its behaviour. This is acceptable for devices such as desk calculators or simple digital signal processors. (6) differ in that they have a memory in which they store their operating instructions and data. Such computers are more (7) in that they do not need to have their hardware reconfigured for each new program, but can simply be reprogrammed with new in- memory instructions; they also tend to be simpler to design, in that a relatively simple processor may keep state between successive computations to build up complex procedural results. Most modern computers are von Neumann machines. In practice, almost all computers use a variety of memory types, organized in a storage (8) around the CPU, as a tradeoff between performance and cost. Generally, the lower a storage is in the hierarchy, the lesser its bandwidth and the greater its access latency is from the CPU. This traditional division of storage to primary, secondary, tertiary and off-line storage is also guided by cost per bit. Language work Exercise 6 Complete the sentences by finding the missing letters 1. In computing, m s storage refers to the storage of large amounts of information in a persisting and machine-readable fashion. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 25 Tin học
28. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 2. An o .l disc is an electronic data storage medium that can be written to and read using a low-powered laser beam. 3. In computer engineering, computer a e is a blueprint and functional description of requirements (especially speeds and interconnections) and design implementations for the various parts of a computer. 4. The b y numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. 5. A h .y is an arrangement of objects, people, elements, values, grades, orders, classes, etc., in a ranked or graduated series. 6. O e storage, also known as disconnected storage, is a computer data storage on a medium or a device that is not under the control of a processing unit 7. A t f is a situation that involves losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 26 Tin học
29. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Unit 5 Computer software Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations English Vietnamese 1. accessory device a. phần mềm ứng dụng 2. application software b. phần mềm 3. compiler c. tài liệu, tư liệu 4. debugger d. ngơn ngữ lập trình 5. diagnostic tool e. mơi trường phát triển tích hợp 6. distributed system f. trình biên dịch 7. documentation g. phần mềm hệ thống 8. industrial automation h. phần mềm lập trình 9. integrated development environment (IDE) i. Tự động hĩa cơng nghiệp 10. programming language j. hệ thống phân tán 11. programming software k. trình soạn văn bản 12. software l. cơng cụ chuẩn đốn lỗi 13. system software m. bộ xử lý từ 14. text editor n. bộ gỡ lỗi, trình gỡ rối 15. word processor o. thiết bị phụ Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice 1. accessory device 6. distributed system 11. programming software 2. application software 7. documentation 12. software 3. compiler 8. industrial automation 13. system software 4. debugger 9. integrated development 14. text editor environment 5. diagnostic tool 10. programming language 15. word processor Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 27 Tin học
30. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct word from the box to fill in the gap. compiler industrial automation system software Debugger integrated development environment text editor diagnostic tool programming language word processor 1. A is any word processing program that you can use to type and edit text. 2. is a program designed to help detect, locate, and correct errors in another program. 3. A is a language made up of instructions. 4. A is a computer application used for the production of any sort of printable material. 5. A . is a computer program that translates text written in a computer language into another computer language. TS2 1. A text editor is any word processing program that you can use to type and edit text. 2. Debugger is a program designed to help detect, locate, and correct errors in another program. 3. A programming language is a language made up of instructions. 4. A word processor is a computer application used for the production of any sort of printable material. 5. A compiler is a computer program that translates text written in a computer language into another computer language. LISTENING Exercise 4 Listen to T.S3 and fill in the blanks with the words given Application broader services documentation distributed Users software interface used processors Computer software Computer software, or just (1) is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and (2) . that perform some tasks on a computer system. The term includes (3) software such as word (4) which perform productive tasks for (5) , system software Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 28 Tin học
31. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới such as operating systems, which (6) with hardware to provide the necessary (7) for application software, and middleware which controls and co-ordinates (8) systems. "Software" is sometimes used in a (9) context to mean anything which is not hardware but which is (10) with hardware, such as film, tapes and records. Reading Types of computer software Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary, and often blurred. a. System software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The purpose of systems software is to insulate the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of the particular computer complex being used, especially memory and other hardware features, and such as accessory devices as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc. b. Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on. An Integrated development environment (IDE) merges those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type multiple commands for compiling, interpreting, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE usually has an advanced graphical user interface, or GUI. c. Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer related) tasks. Typical applications include industrial automation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases, and computer games. Businesses are probably the biggest users of application software, but almost every field of human activity now uses some form of application software Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and write the name for each type of software next to the sentence. S = System software P = Programming software A = Application software Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 29 Tin học
32. www.bea.vn: Cách học mới – Tri thức mới 1. It is used in industry, business, education, medicine, databases, and computer games. 2. It provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs. 3. It insulates the applications programmer from the details of the particular computer complex being used. 4. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools . 5. It is used in almost every field of human activity. 6. It allows a programmer to use an advanced graphical user interface. 7. It allows end users to accomplish one or more specific non-computer related tasks. 8. It helps run the computer hardware and computer system. Language work IN/ FROM/ THROUGH WHICH Sometimes WHICH can be preceded by a preposition such as in, from, through E.g An anode is an electrode electric current flows through the electrode into a polarized electrical device. → An anode is an electrode through which electric current flows into a polarized electrical device. Exercise 6 Join the following pair of clauses to make longer sentences 1. A cathode is an electrode. Electric current flows through the electrode out of a polarized electrical device. 2. Ring network is a system. All stations are linked to form a continuous loop or circle in the system. 3. Hierarchical network is a telecommunications network. In this telecommunications network a message is passed through nodes or different classes. 4. Computer networks may be classified according to the network topology. The network is based upon the network topology. 5. Inside the bulb is a filament of tungsten wire. An electric current is passed through the filament. Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 30 Tin học