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Tài liệu Cố đô Hoa Lư - Phần 2

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  1. CO DO HOA LLT DONG AM TIEN « Tham lang vua Dinh tren nui Ma Yen xong, ddn ben dd sdng Sao Khe n^i thuydn xudi hddng Nam (Dddng thiiy di tham Xuyen Thiiy Ddng) khoang 500m rdi ldn bd, hoac di bp theo con dddng rai da rdng song song vdi sdng Sao Khe 500 jn, thiy cd mdt cay da a chan nui phia b§n tay trai each dddng vai chuc met, du khach re trai, di vao con dddng nho ^n 100m ni2a den cai quen thip mang ten Am Tidn, cd chidu cao so vdi mat rudng 15m, la ldi di vao ddng Am Ti&n. Quen nay dai 20m, hai dau la hai vach nui cao nhd cai cdng khdng Id ciia tao hda. Dddng l&n quen qua 55 bac da. Ldn den dinh ddc, phia bdn tay phai du khach cd am dd ba chd Han d tren "Nhac Thin Giang" (Ndi thd than nui). Hai bdn am cd ddi cAu dd'i: "Nhi scfn ngddng chi canh hanh hanh chi. Hdu Tidn tac danh hdu long tac linh" Tam dich: "Len ndi ngita mat nhin cdnh dep di di lgi lgi. Cd Tien chdc cd tieng cd rong se co linh thieng" Trddc khi vao ddng, du khach hay thap hddng khin thin nui phu hd cho chuyen di du ngoan tdt dep, may 67
  2. LA DANG BAT Ddng tren dinh quen. nhin ve phia Ddng, du khach thiy mdt thung lung rdng khoang 10 miu, xung quanh la ndi cao bao bpe. Cd cai quen nay mdi cd ldi vao ddng. Theo dddng dde, qua 55 bac da nda, mdi de'n thung, d gida cd mpt eon dddng nhd dai da, hai ben la hai canh ddng Ida xanh mddt. Di tren con dddng nhd nay, nhin hai ben va trddc mat chi thay nui cao chdt vdt. Vach nui ben tay phai du khach mpe day loai tnic dudi cdng. Loai true nay chiu dddc khd ban, sdng d vach da tha xud'ng nhd nhdng dudi cdng xanh biec. Cf cac vach nui, cay edi mpe um tum. Du khach cdn nhin thay nhdng gid phong lan phd sic gida trdi, nhdng cay thien tue, van tue, cay xanh, cay si, cay da da tdng sd'ng ngan van nam ben nui cao. Xa xa tren sddn nui, thip thoang nhdng dan chim dang bay va nhdn nhd ldng chdng nui tdng dan de dang an la cay. An hien trong mdt sd lum cay, cac con thu dang ngd ngac nghe mdt tie'ng cdi sddng. j^- Budi sang, du khach vao day, sddng mu bay phii nui non nhd khdi sdng huyen ao. Hdng ddng, sdcmg tan dan, nlng mdi len, chieu sang lap loang nhdng hang cay, la canh cdn bdng loang sddng dem, dddng nhd mudn hut lly anh sang mat trdi luc ban mai, lung linh bay sic eau vdng, huyen dieu. Phong canh nhd mang ndi niem cd tich, md mang, hoang ving ciia nui In may trdi, may che a'p nui, tao thanh mdt bde tranh son lam ngoan muc ciia mdt hpa si thien tai dddc ve bang mdt thd but son mau 68
  3. CO DO HOA LLT nhiem, khang dinh nui non Viet Nam hung vi vd cung, thi hien sd da dang phong phu ciia thien nhien. Neu khdng cd cai quen da di qua, ehlc khi vao day rdi du khach se khdng cdn bie't dddng nao dl trd ra, chi cd thi lam Tien mdi bay dddc ve que nha. Di bet dddng dii da gan 500 m, du khach se de'n chan nui Hang Rdng (1). Ben tay phai du khach, dddi chan nui cd ba thap xay ba tang (thap d gida eao to hdn) la ndi ehdn cit cac nha sd da tru tri d chua Am Tien va mat tai day. Tdi gdc cay sung to 11 ldi len ddng Am Tien, Dddng len ddng qua 210 bac da xep ngoln ngeo theo sddn nui, Hai ben ldi di cd nhu'ng cay da, cay sung, cay chd, cay dai thu cao to che rdp mdt mau xanh lam cho du khach cam thiy mat me. Cang len cao, khdng khi cang trd nen trong lanh thoang nhe, nhd bui bam cua cudc ddi da dddc chieu cao cua nui thanh lpc dan lam cho du khach cd cam giac khdng edn nhpc nhin khi leo nui dl thanh than bddc vao cdi Phat. Sddn nui trddc ciia ddng, cay edi mpe nhd rdng, cac loai chim eua nui rdng thi nhau ca hdt nhd ddn chao du khach bang nhdng am thanh riu rit. Day rdi, ddng Am Tien quay hddng Tay d ldng chdng nui Hang Rdng, cd dp eao so vdi chan nui khoang 70m, gdm hai Idp: Ldp ngoai chay dai, gpi la cda ddng, Idp trong an sau vao rudt nui, hep hdn nhd kilu "chudi vd". (l)6ng Thi nhan Dinh Gia Thuyet goi nui cd ddng Am Tidn la nui "Hang Rdng". 69
  4. LA DANG BAT gpi la ddng chinh. Du khach se siing sdt trddc mdt ciia dpng dai den 35m, cao hdn chuc met. Mdt day tddng hoa xay bang gach chin ciia dpng. Nen ciia ddng bing phIng dd(Jc lat da. Hai ben ciia ddng (ldp ngoai) ndi ldn hai ddng dit mdi dun mau vang, dddc gpi la "cay tien", "cay thdc". Sat vach da ben trai eiia ddng dufng hai tim bia da (mdt tim cao 1,6 m, mdt tim cao 1,3 m, rdng 0,8m), dddc cham khac chd Han d ca hai mat. Day 11 hai tim bia d thdi Nguyin (Ddng Khanh nam thd 2 (1887) va Bao Dai nam thd 7 (1932)). Ndi dung hai tim bia deu ndi ve viec tu siia chua va ghi lai lich chua Am Tien, trong dd cd doan: "Chiia xua khong nhd ten, chi truyen lgi tdm bia co co chit "Thdi Su Nham". Sd di gpi la Thdi Su, hdn day Id bgc thdy cUa cdc bgc thay chdng. Chiing toi cung bdn bgc vdi nhau de dot ten chiia la Am Tien, chdc Id phii hdp han cd" (1). - - - Nhd the tdn gpi chua Am Tidn mdi cd td thdi Nguyin. ti-i Lui vao trong, cung cf vach da bdn trai ddng, tren cao cd mpt ta'm bia khac vao vach da dai 1,55 m, rdng 0,82 met. Sd chd trong bia la 328, vdi 5 ddng dau chd to, 9 ddng sau chd nhd. Nhieu chd Han md khdng dpc dddc. Chinh gida tran bia cd tac bdng hoa sau canh dai nd be (l)Theo Hoang Giap d Vidn nghidn ctjfu Han Ndm. 70
  5. CO DO HOA LLT ra cac hddng cung vdi 4 la trai dai ve hai ben va hoa la phii kin tran bia. is'^'- u j,,i " Bia cd nidn dai 1179, dddi ddi vua Li Cao Tdng (1176 -1210). ••.•.•" '• O vach da ciia ddng cd ddng chd: "Dgi Chu ma scfn dng. Dgi quang Thdnh". Cd nghia la: Bia ndi ve Dai quang Thanh vung nui Dai chu ma. Toan bd ndi dung bia ndi vd mdt vi Dai sd nddc Dai Cd Viet ta tu hanh d vung nui Chu ma, cd hp Chu (?), hp Nguyin (1) (dang tide la bia bi mdn khdng rd chd ndn khdng dpc dddc). "Hp Nguyin" d day cd the la Thien sd Nguyin Minh Khdng da ddn tu d vung nui Chu ma. i IFI'; ^ n -::>-,i Sd di bie't ddcJc nam khac bia la nam 1179, vi trdn bia cd chd: "Trinh Phii, Bdo iTng (thU tu)". Ddi chieu trong nien lich, thi "Trinh Phu" la nien hieu dau tien ciia vua Ll Cao Tdng, edn nam thd td, ehinh la nam 1179. Cdn chd "Bao iTng" khdng ed, chi cd "Tri Binh Long iTng" la nien hieu cudi eung ciia vua Li Cao Tdng td nam 1205 den 1210. Cd thd ngddi khle bia nham "Long tfng" thanh "Bao I^ng". Nhd the' mdt dfeu chac chin, day la tam bia cd da dddc khac d thdi Li ghi ba chd "Thai Sd Nham". .,,; Vach da bdn phai cufa ddng cd treo mdt qua chudng nhd. • diiv Iv 1.,j •j;il>i.iiJ I'll ifw.' " .i'' (1) Theo tu hdu ciia bao tang Ha Nsim Ninh. ii JJ • • i 71
  6. LA DANG BAT Td tddng hoa du khach di vao 12m, bddc len ba bac da, eao khoang 0,4m la den ldp trong (ciia ddng hep hdn, cao 3m, rdng ^n 10m), gpi la ddng chinh hay "chudi vd". Nen dpng eung dddc lat da va gach rit bang phang nhd nen nha. Du khach se choang ngdp trddc mdt ddng dep, cao, rdng, trdng nhd mdt cai du hoac mdt cai bat da khdng fd up xudng. Chd cao nhit d gida la 15m. Dddng kinh nen ddng dai 35m. Gida nde ddng cd nhfeu nhu da ni xud'ng vdi cac dang hinh ngoan muc nhd: Qua phat thii, qua bf, bIp ngd, eon ho, eon sd tii Thien nhidn can man, tai hoa ngan nam mdi cham khac dddc nhdng dang hinh nhd the. Dae biet, vach ddng.d phia Ddng vat phIng nhd mai nha. Chi cd tao hda mdi xe dddc nhdng ta'm da phang li ki dieu ly. Trong ddng cd nhieu nhu da, nddc nhd deu dan quanh nam thanh thdt. Ngddi ta phai xay cac bl trdn hiing nddc cho hen ddng ludn khd rao. Ddng trong ddng du khach cam thiy mat lanh. Gan cudi ddng, trddc day, ngddi ta xay cac be dat txXOng thd Phat. Cach day hdn 100 nam ngddi ta mdi ddng them mdt ngdi fau, ben trong cung xay eac be thd eao tha'p dat nhfeu tddng Phat sdn son thiep vang nhd cac ngoi ehua khac. Trddc rau viet ba chd Han ldn: "Am Tien Dong" (Ddng Am Tien). Hai cdt phia ngoai fau viet cau ddi: "Canh sac td nhien vu tru biet thanh thien cd dpng. Giam lam tai thd(;mg td bi phd tinh van sinh linh". Tam dich: 72
  7. CO DO HOA LLT "Cdnh dep tu nhien ddy do trdi ddt tgo ra thdnh dpng dd ldu ddi. Giam cam (ho bdo) d cho ndy nay thd Phat chung giam linh thieng cho muon ngUdi". (Tddng truyen, xda kia vua Dinh eho nudi hd bao d trong ddng, he cd ke nao pham tdi nang thi dda vao day cho bd bao an thit). Ben phai lau thd Phat la mdt lau nhd tren cd ghi ba chd Han: "Chan Tl Sd" (Ndi thd Chan Tl), dat td(;mg Ddc Ong, cd nhiem vu trdng coi toan bd canh ehua. Hai ben Fau ghi cau ddi: ' '-' "' •''• '••' .:.ii;ri i*' '• ^••' •' -'.O-' y-fmurl'-t ';'!:'> "Thd trung hdu kim ngoc.(l). , . . Hi'n 01. • ^ •:"•• :>'r '(\CiiSy. n,'!; ,:•.'\(\^ :'i;-! "Trong sdch CO vdng ngpc. jva,/,' :ai.'iit If- Ngpn but ldm phdm hdm". r.j" / rji> ' . n<n v.l. Bdn trai fau thd Phat la mdt wiie'u nhd dat tddng thd Nguyen Minh Khdng d tren ghi ba chd Han: "Hiin Thanh Td" (Mieu thd Hiin Thanh), Hai ben mieu eung ghi eau ddi: ( 1) Ve ddi nay cua dng Ta Ao, ngvrdi lang Ta Ao. huydn Nghi Xuan tinh Ha Tinh. la mot nha dia li (phong thuyi cua nudc ta thdi xua. 73
  8. LA DANG BAT "Dfem Giang sinh Hien Thanh. • ' ' '"' Hoa Ddng tiep Than Cao" ' ' ' Tam dich: ' Diem Giang sinh ro vi Hien Thdnh. Hoa Dpng tgo nen Thdn tdi cao" Trong ddng ed cac pho td(Jng Phat, Thanh uy nghiem, nhan td do eon ngddi tao ddng hda nhap vdi cac hinh hai nhu da ki dieu eua tao hda. Tit ca hien len linh thieng trong anh nen va nhdng \6e dd ciia hddng trim thap 11 Phat. Day chinh la mdt "ngdi chua" rit ddc dao, dac biet do ban tay than ki, vd hinh ciia nghe si thien nhien kien tao nen. Chua rit linh thieng. Du khach thap phdcfng de'n ehua le Phat, dau Tien, mong mud'n phuc Im eho minh va cho ddi. Phia sau Fau thd Phat, cudi ddng cdn cd mdt eai hang sau tham tham xud'ng dat, tdi om, cda hang chi bing mieng thung, ngddi xda gpi la "Hpng Rdng". Cd le, vi the ndi nay dddc gpi la nui "Hang Rdng". "Hpng Rdng" dddc eoi la "ldi xudng am phu". Chda cd ai dam di xud'ng hang sau bl an nay! .-r,, ' ,t -, ^ Thdi nha Dinh, luat phap chda rd rang. Nhdng ke pham tdi deu bi xd theo y eua nha vua mdt each rit da man. Sach "Dai Viet sd Iddc" (khuyen danh - thdi Tran) cd ghi: "Nhd vua dot vgc ddu ldn d ncfi sdn, nudi cpp 74
  9. CO DO HOA LU trong ctd vd hg lenh rdng: - Co cu phgm phdp se bi ndu, hogc cho cpp xe thdy" (1). Vl vay, tdcfng truyen, nha Dinh da dung ddng nay lam mdt Nguc Da. Nha vua cho nudi hd, bao d trong ddng. Hi cd ke nao pham tdi nang thi bit nhdt vao diy cho manh thu an thjt. Nhdng dau lau, hai ed't nhieu ngay chit ddng d trong ddng. Ve sau thd hinh phat da man nay dddc bai bd, nhdng nhdng oan bdn td khi van cdn trong ddng. Ngddi dan dia phdcfng di qua day thddng nghe thiy tieng ma keu quy khdc, hd thet, beo ^m. Ai cung khiep via kinh hdn, khdng he dam ben mang de'n gin ddng. or; :,• , ri£>; :;i.)'. n f\ , ./' :,i] . i,;' ; , ,. i;.!!.' Ddn thdi nha Li, cd dng Nguyin Minh Khdng la bac cao tang, phap thuat cao eddng, mdt hdm vao tham hiem trong ddng thay vay, ben tung kinh thuyet phap, lam cho ma quy, hum beo deu phai mat tich. i-.- . -r /uy,, The rdi, dng xay be thd Phat d trong ddng, cd tiian rim, mdng mdt, lai cho dd de vao tung kinh de nhdng vong hdn dddc sieu thoat. Dan dan ngddi dan d day cung vao le bai, khdng cdn sd hai gi nda. Td dd, ngu'di ta xay ddng them cac be thd Phat. Canh tri trong ddng da dep, nay lai dddc thd Phat, nen du (1) Dai Vidt sii luoe" - Nha xuSt ban thanh phd Hd Chi Mih - 1993- Trang 91. 75
  10. LA DANG BAT khach de'n vang canh nhfeu. Ddng trd nen mpt ehdn Am Tien, bdi the mdi ed ten la ddng Am Tien, hay chua Am Tien, * , ,., . -. ' Dl tddng nhd cdng lao cua Thien sd Nguyen Minh Khdng, ngddi ta da xay them mieu thd Nguyen Minh Khdng d trong ddng. ,, ,_^. Nguyin Minh Khdng sinh ngay 15 thang 10 (am lich) nam 1065, ngddi xa Dam Xa, phu Tru'dng Yen (nay la xa Gia Thing, huyen Gia Viln, tinh Ninh Binh), ten 1;d la Chi Thanh. Nam 11 tudi dng xua't gia, thu giao dao Phat vdi Td Dao Hanh ('? - 1117). ngu'di lang Yen Lang (nay thudc ngoai thanh Ha Ndi) la bac cao tang ndi tie'ng thdi bay gid. Trd thanh nha tu hanh, Thien sd Nguyin Minh Khdng da lap ra nhieu ehua va tru tri d eac chda: Chua Quynh Lam (xa Ha Ldi, huyen Ddng Trfeu, tinh Quang Ninh), chua Pha Lai Ong la mdt nha tu hanh ldn thdi biy gid, CO dao hpe uyen bac. "Dai Viet sd ki toan thd" cd ghi: "Qud'c su Minh Khong rat linh iing, phdm khi CO thuy hgn tai hpa gi cdu ddo deu linh nghiem cd". Nguyen Minb Khdng cdn la mdt danh y thien tai. Vua Li Than Tdng (1128 - 1138) bdng td nhien mic trpng benh. Cac danh y ndi tieng khip ndi deu dddc trieu ve kinb dd de chda benh, cho Vua. nhdng benh tinh vin 76
  11. CO DO HOA LLT khdng giam. Ong dddc mdi ve trieu de chda benh cho Vua. Sach "Dai Viet sd ki toan thd" cung ghi: Sd Minh Khdng da chda eho vua Li Than Tdng khdi benh, dddc ban hieu "Qudc Sd". Td dd dng dddc gpi la: "Li Qud'c Sd". Nguyin Minh Khdng cdn dddc suy tdn la Ong td eiia nghe due ddng Viet Nam. „. , to nr f 1 {f.i ^aC:i ;•' •^:aj:'.^ Ong mat vao mua thu (thang 8) nam Tan Dau, nien hieu Dai Dinh thd 2 (1141), thp 76 tudi. Sau khi dng mit, vua Li Anh Tdng (1138 - 1175) cho lap den thd dng d kinh dd, ngay nay la den Li Qudc Sd, thude phd.Li Qud'c Sd, Ha Ndi. Ong cdn dddc thd d chua Pha Lai; chua Keo (ehua Hanh Thien) d xa Xian Hdng, huyen Giao Thuy (Nam Dinh); ehua Dich Long d xa Gia Thanh, huyen Gia Viln (Ninh Binh); den thanh Nguyin d xa Gia Thing, huyen Gia Vien. eung rat nhfeu chua d cac ndi khac va cung dddc thd tai day. Ong da dddc tdn la bac Thanh. Tuc ngu' cd eau: "Dai Hdu sinh Vddng. Dfem Giang sinh Thanh". (Ldng Dgi HUu (xd Gia Phuang, huyen Gia Vien) sinh Vua, tUc vua Dinh Tien Hodng). 77
  12. LA DANG BAT Ldng Diem Giang (Ddm Xd, - xd Gia Thdng, huyer Gia Viin) sinh Thdnh, tUc Thien sU Nguyin Mini Khdng). , 1^ ^^^_, r. Nhd vay ddng"Am Tien thd ca Phat, ca Tien. Tien ( day la Thidn sd Nguyin Minh Khdng. Phat dddc thd dc Nguyin Minh Khong lap chua td thdi Ll. Du khach de'n dpng Am Tien se khdng phai tddng tuong ve Bdng lai, Tien canh nhieu bdi dd la canh than tien hien gida cdi tran, ngay trong cudc sd'ng ciia chiing ta. '':V.'^ Ddng Am Tien - ndi thd Phat, thd Tidn, cung la ndi tu luyen cua chan nhan, la ndi lui tdi cua tao nhan mac khach, la mdt diem du lich ludn hap din du khach. Qua la mdi bddc di, du khach lai phat hien them nhOlig dieu mdi la, bdi nhutog di tich va danh thing nen thd ludn lam dam say long ngddi. f.i';ri- \\i\ 78
  13. CO DO HOA LLT XUYEN THUY DONG i&iJ Ddn ben do sdng Sao Khe, du khach xudng thuyen, se ed ngddi cheo theo sdng Sao Khe ve pbia Nam dda di Xuyen Thuy Ddng. Xuyen Thuy Ddng tdc la "Hang Ludn". Hang d dddi gam qua nui ldn. Nui nhd vlt ngang qua mdt con sdng nho. Thuyen d ben nay nui sang ben kia nui phai ludn qua hang nddc, nen gpi la Hang Ludn. Ten Hang Ludn la do nhan dan gpi, cdn trong cud'n "Dia dd chi", Nguyin Trai gpi la Xuyen Thuy Ddng. Cac nha phong t'hiiy (dja li) gpi la "Thach Lddng Ddng". Cdn ehua Trinh Sam gpi la "Ddng Xuyen Sdn". Xuyen Thdy Ddng thude sdn phan lang Trddng Yen Thddng, xa Trddng Yen: Td ben dd de'n eda Xuyen Thiiy Ddng di thuyen khoang 1,5 km. Tddng truyen, trddc day khu vdc Xuyen Thiiy Ddng la ndi luyen tap thuy quan ciia vua Dinh Tien Hoang. Ngdi thuyen di Xuyen Thiiy Ddng, du khach dddc nhin canh trdi may sdng nddc, nui non thi vi trong giang sdn elm tu, cd cam giae la binh nhd tit ca ve dep cua da't trdi da ddn gdp ve day, Hai hen sdng Sao Khe, each khdng xa la hai day nui t.c i cao tha'p ddng ddng, chay dai theo ddng sdng. Vao budi sang cd nhdng lan sddng mong bay phu nui nua, phong canh ao mdng, thdc hd nhd du'a du khach vao -long Tien trong huyen thoai. 79
  14. LA DANG BAT Thuyen Iddt di tren ddng nddc trong vlt in binh nhdng dam may bay Id lu"ng gida trdi xanh, du khach cd cam giae nhd dang bay nhe theo may, mdn man bdi lan gid thdi diu dang. Neu du khach den cda Xuyen Thuy Ddng vio budi sang, se thiy mat nddc lung linh dii bay sac cau vdng khi mat trdi chieu qua nui. Canh sdn thuy that ki ao. Ca mdt vung non nddc nhd bde tranh thiiy mac. Nhin ciia hang, du khach se thay bet dddc sdc manh phi thddng eua nddc. Cau tue ngd "Nddc chay da mdn" qua dung khdng sai. Cd le, lau lim rdi, trddc day chi la mdt khe nddc nho chay qua ldng nui, nam nay qua nam khac, nddc am tham ben bi, kien nbln ngan ddi, nhd mdt nghe si ki tai da due da tao binh kien tao nen Hang Liidn nay chang? Ddng sdng chay qua hang nhd mdt dddng dng nddc khdng Fd vd tan. Xuyen Thuy Ddng rdng bdn 30 met, vdm hang kha cao, nhd mdt mai nha va dai ding dac den 143 met (dai hcfn Hang Ca trong Tam Cdc d xa Ninh Hai, huyen Hoa Ld. Hang Ca dai 127 met), cac con thuyen ed the xudi ngu'dc de dang. Khi thuyen chui vao hang, du khach cd ngay mdt cam giae mat lanh nhd ngay he oi a dddc vao ngdi trong phdng cd may dfeu hda nhiet dp. Day la eai mat lanh eda dit trdi. sdng nui, non nddc dpng iai, gdp vao ma khdng miy no'i d dit nddc nay cd dddc. Cang di vao trong bang, anh sang cang giam dan, du khach tddng nhd dang di vao edi huyen ao, thdc thdc 80
  15. CO DO HOA LU md md. 0 day la lang im. tinh mich, ving ve, chi ed nu'dc va da "trd gan cung tue nguyet" (thd Ba Huyen Thanh Quan). Mai cheo khoang nddc bi bdm va tieng roe rach cua nddc khi thuyen di ddn vao thanh hang eung am thanh vang vpng, tieng ndi, gipng eddi cua du khach da pha vd sd tinh lang trong hang sao ma thu vi. Du khach dddc hit thd khi trdi trong lanh cua da ndi sdng nddc mat me cam tddng khd cd the tim dddc ndi nao hcfn the nda. Vao trong hang, du khach nen ddt dudc de nhin thiy mdt canh sac dieu ki hien ra trong anh sang md ao. Tran hang la du mpi dang hinh va kich ed eua cac vdm da phang bo^c cong cong, khien du khach sdng sdt, nghi de'n d day phai nhd den phep la nao dd mdi cd the lam dddc nhd the. Cd chd da nbln li nhd mai, nhip nhd, rdi lai sau hdm nhd nhdng phu dieu trang tri cho ddng cua mdt nha dieu khle thien tai dddc tac bang ban tay mau nhiem. Rdi cdn nhieu khdi thach nhu mudn hinh nghin dang ru xudng dep den la lung! Chac chin con ngddi khdng the deo tac dddc! Tat ea nhd cd sd sip xep tai tinh bdi ban tay ciia tao hda. Neu thuyen du khach di dau tien vao hang khi nddc chda bi khua ddng, nhin dddi ddng sdng. cd chd nddc cdn in binh nhdng dam may da tuyet dep, du khach se cam giac nhd dang bay tren trdi vdi nhdng dam may, may Idcfn theo quyen ru. Trong bang cd chd toan nddc va may. Chi cd thien nhien, nddc va da dm ap trddng ton. 6-CDHL ^^
  16. LA DANG BAT cd lue gian dd, gao thet, sdi sue, cd luc lam lanh ngay ngit tinh yeu vinh ciiu tao ra. Ngdi thuydn du khach cd cam giae nhd dang lac vao ddng Tien, nhdng y nghi lo toan, bdc doc cua cuoc ddi, de'n day hinh nhd deu tan bien' het, mudn di nda d lau trong canh sdn thiiy hdd tinh nay. Trong hang cdn ed nhieu khdi nhu da tron li, nddc td day ti tach rd xudng ddng sdng nhd nhdng biu sda me dem ngpt ngao sinh khi cho ddi. Chinh vi vay, mua ddng nam Canh Din (1770), dcfi vua Le Canh Hdng (1740 - 1786), chua Trjnh Sam - Tinh Dd Vddng (1767 - 1782) di tuan thu cdi Tay (vung Thanh Hda trd vao) lue quay thuyen trd ve, tdi dat Trddng Yen, da de'n tham Hang Ludn va da cd mdt bai thd vinh Hang Ludn, hien cdn khle tren vach niii Xuyen Thiiy Ddng. Bia cao 1,55 m, rdng 2,42 m, each mat nddc luc binh thddng khoang 4m. Tit ca cd 13 ddng chd Han viet td phai sang trai, td tren xud'ng dddi vdi td'ng 142 chil. Nguyen van npi dung bia (phien am) nhd sau: I "Canh Din ddng, du Tay tiiln hdi kha kinh Trang An phdng Hoa Ld. Dan kie'n td co thanh scfn, nhit dieu bich gian, trung trung quan tda, bp bp kim thang, trang nga sdn ha chan thien dia an bai nha't dai hinh thing. Dai tdc Dinh trieu cdU chi tac ddi tddng, cd mieu hoang lddng tuc vi hdng khoai. Vien tac nhat luat di ta dd hoai- Tdy tuan todn ich qud Trdng An, .:',.>: „ Tien dgo Hoa Lu ngu nhdt quan. 82
  17. CO DO HOA LU Thdt luyen oanh hoi Xuyen Thuy Dpng, Triing kim nggt nghiep tri scfn quan. Co do di hi kinh di hodn, , , Thien phu y nhien tubdo hodn. • ' Xiie muc co nhdn hung phe su, ' • '- > .,<>f!y- Ddn nham ldm ldm gidi duy gian. i/' • - Nhat Nam Nguyen ehii de .; ' Than Cao Doan phung ta" Djch nghia: "Mim dong ndm Canh Dan il770) ta di tudn thu cdi Tdy, lue quay thuyen trd ve, di tdt tdi ddt TrUdng An de thdm ednh Hoa Lu. Ngodnh nhin bon phia nid xanh, mpt dong nUdc biec, cUa khoa may ldn, titng budc deu la thdnh vdng vd hdo nude nong. Non song cua ta hiing trdng, hinh thdng to ldn ndy that Id do trdi ddt tgo nen vay. Xem ddu vet cua trieu Dinh thi tudng do mieu hoang, Ignh liing xd xdc khien ta cam khdi ldm mpt bdi tha de td ndi long: ,,, - , ,.• , ,^^.,, . ,(- . .! . , • ( Tay tlian ve lai ngam TnTofng An, ' • J ' •<' Thuyen dao Hoa Lu* cung thuan mien. NhiT lua vong veo qua Thuy Dong, " "' Ttfa vang viJng chai ngat scfn quan. /I i,i Nao dau quang canh Co do (1) trifdc, (11 Co do Kinh dd nude Dai Cd Viet. 83
  18. LA DANG BAT Chi thay quanh co niii nUdc lien. Hung phe ngu'di xUa coi da ro, I'A Long dan dang sgf, chd nen quen! Nhdt Nam Nguyen chu de. \.iS\ M\ V ,. Be toi Id Cao Dodn vdng menh viet chiX'. Nhd the, 5 ddng dau khle chd nhd la phin lac khoan ndi li do lam thd, 6 ddng tiep theo la bai thd Dddng luat, ddng thd 12 khle ten hieu tac gia, ddng thd 13 khle ten ngddi viet chd. (1) Dd la chdng tich mdt bdc thdng diep van hpe vd gia - ki dc ciia nui - ldu truyen trddng ton eho cac the he mai sau, gin gid cho ngddi bao dfeu sang chdi dieu ki, da td diem, trang tri eho Xuyen Thiiy Ddng them phin cd kinh, trang nghiem, tri tue va ed hdn bdn, Dd cung la gia trj van hda the hien tai nang sang tao, kl thuat tinh xao, dieu luydn eda cac nghe nhan khle chd tren vach nui thdi xda. Bat luan thdi gian, trai qua bao dp phong sddng, mda nlng ciia dit trdi, bai thd chd Han eua Chiia Trjnh Sam khle tren vach nui vin chda he phai md da tao nen mdt tac phim dieu khle tao hinh hoan chinh cho cai dep eua Xuyen Thuy Ddng, Neu cd mdt Fan den vdi Xuyen Thuy Ddng, ehlc bin du khach se chang mudn ddi, dl dim say trong canh nui sdng tuyet mi. (l)Theo tu lieu cua Bao tang Ha Nam Ninh do Dang Cdng Nga cdng bo'. -j;i . K, J, ;. 84
  19. CO EX) HOA LL; iNgoai bai tho khle d vach nui Xuyen Thuy Ddng nay, cdn cd bai thd Ndm "Vjnh Hang Ludn" cua Hoang Giap Pham Van Nghj (1805 - 1881), ngddi lang Tam Dang, nay la xa Yen Thing, huyen Y Yen, tinh Nam Dinh. Ong dd Hoang Giap ddi vua Td Dde nen thddng gpi la Hoang Tam Dang. (Dng da vao Ddng Lien Hoa d td thang 7 nam 1874. (Qua Xuyen Thuy Ddng mdi den Ddng Lien Hoa). \il ll X 'Mil ^ :l-ti.->,- ., -lljli VINH HANG LUON i Giu'a nui, xuyen qua mot chie'c ngoi, itf Ai xoi kheo bay, thof trcfi xoi. Doi phen phong vu deu khong tdfi. May Idrp Cong Hau ciing phai chui. Horn Sach (1) da in Quang Trang(2) dii'ng, Thach Ban (3) con dofi khach cau ngoi. Thanh binh thu ay nao ai biet, Ai biet xin diifng mach bao ai. • ' ''^' ->•.-'/q-T- • (1874-1880) Xuyen Thuy Ddng nay se edn la ngudn cam hdng vd tan cho thd ca. Ve dep huyen thoai ly da thu but du khach nhd lac vao edi Tien, cdi Phat, lam lung linh non ' 11 i2)Hai ngon nui nay o phia ngoai Xuydn Thuy Ddng 131 Chi mot tiiini da rdng b.ang phang khi Pham Van Nghi ve a an trong Ddng Lidn Hoa thudng ngdi eau ca a dd 85
  20. LA DANG BAT nddc Co Dd Hoa Ld ma thien nhien hao phdng da trao tang. Khi thuyen qua Xuyen Thuy Ddng, ra khdi hang, anh sang lai ap tdi ngay dda du khach ve cdi thdc. Hay nhin kia, mdt ngpn ndi nhd trdng gidng nhd hinh ngddi dau dpi md each ehudn, gpi la ndi Trang Nguyen, lai ed qua nui gdm nhdng tang da vudng vudng dai dai, tda nhd nhidu quyen sach xep chdng len nhau, gpi la nui Hdm Sach. Pham Van Nghj cung cd thd vjnh nui Trang Nguyen. TRANG NGUYEN SON . Dgc lap khe bien thgch nhat quyen, Nhdn hinh, ddo xu vpng y nhien. •^ ' Trpng danh chi thi nhdn thu gid, Tdt thi tien thdn ti the tien. (1874-1880) Djch thd: NUI ONG TRANG Hon niii chon von du'ng canh ngoi, V O dau trong ciing tUa hinh ngirdfi. r.:m W gan Horn Sach, mang ten Trang, Trirdfc han la Tien da lanh ddfi. (Nguyfen "Van Huyen dich t 86 •
  21. CO DO HOA LU Thien nhien tao binh, tri tddng tddng phong phu da dang cua con ngu'di da dat ten. Nhdng dfeu quan trpng la nhdng cai ten gpi dd mudn ndi len khat vpng cua eon ngddi. Nui Hdm Sach, tddng trdng eho tri thdc. JSIiii Trang Nguyen, tddng trdng cho ngddi hoc gidi dl giup dan, giup ddi. Phai chang, thien nhien, nui non Hoa Ld da cho du khach nhdng suy tddng nhd the! Dau phai chi la chuyen di du ngoan, ma chinh la "Di ngay dang hpe sang khdn". Mdt du khach nddc ngoai di tham chua Bich Ddng d xa Ninh Hai, huyen Hoa Ld khi ddng trddc ciifa chua Thddng nhin xud'ng, da thiy nui "Chdng Sach", de'n day van canh, lai thay "Hdm Sach" nda da phii thdt len: "Ddu cung day sdeh! Mpt ddn tpc hieu hpe! Viet Nam coi trpng tri thitc. Viet Nam, mpt kho tdng vdn hoa!". Nhin hai qua nui "Trang Nguyen" va "Hdm Sach", du khach se dddc nghe kl mdt truyen thuyet rat bay. Dan dja phddng ke ring: Khi giac Minh sang xam Idde nddc ta, chung da den day, thay ndi Trang Nguyen vl nui Hdm Sach thi tdc lim. Chung bao nhau phai keo dd hai ngpn nui nay de khdng edn sach va Trang nguyen nda. Nghi vay, chung da budc chao vao cd "Ong Trang" ma keo. Nhdng nuL Trang Nguyen khdng dd, chao bj ddt, vang sang mdt ben lam sat mdt vat nui. td do gpi la 87
  22. LA DANG BAT Vung Chao. Giac Ngd (giac Minh) cdng nga theo. lam sat ea mdt vat nui khac. td dd cdng gpi la Vung Ngd Nga. Nhu'ng ten gpi nay hien nay dan dja phddng van dung de gpi eac vat nui dd. Tbam Xuyen Thiiy Ddng, tha'y may che Ip nui, cay cdi mpe xanh tddi. hoa rdng thdm ngat, cd ddng sdng Iddn quanh eo nhd tam lua giang luc an luc hien, lai cd chim ea. vu'dn hdt, de keu,., hang cay tren nui ngan gid ri rao, that la mdt canh sdn ki thuy tu. Ban hay mdt Fan trong ddi de'n vdi Xuyen Thuy Ddng - Mdt ve dep ki thu ma thien nhien da ban tang cho da't nddc va ngddi Hoa Ld. 1 ''' ' : ' '• / '" f.!i :g;: 'i;x njrifl '^CSXi'lMil '- i'i : \- i-y. otT" vT.rla icl .drtH'3 ntf •'• • ' • : :' . • •• '' Ci .c^U •} /(. ,^Vi '^\\v^ \\bS.\" •''i' :.-> . , " •' >•'(' •;vu*\'n'l ^-Afin\'joo • "• 'fi'-'; " ••"'''_ •'' >:;i'i'^ ,!':• jiu^ ifH ijiri/i I"' • -'• •'•",'• '" ;-; .'"lyn .iT't't ife rf-mriji ub " ' :' ' •. liy.: '•' y. . (rr'- ,j nniAinq L'.b nk(\ ' ••• ''' .'"•'•'' '"•'• "-^ft ./Af^ (I^I'MJ ^I'lid-i Ri }bijn ' '• •"' '• ' . ! r.") li ,; uj fdj dji^a rnoH it;fi • : „;j>f i. - -/tf 88
  23. CO DO HOA LU '•••! (.'I ] dU) BniVl Bid «' CHUA NHAT TRU Du kbacb tham Cd dd Hoa Ld nen den thdn Yen Thanh, xa Trddng Yen xem chua Nha't Tru. Chua chi each den thd vua Le Dai Hanh ve phia ble gan 100 m, dddc xay ddng td thdi Tfen Le, qua nhieu lan trung tu den nay van edn kha nguyen ven. Lin trung tu gan day nha't vao nam 1992. Ten chua lly ten cdt Kinh dl dat. "Cdt" tdc la try. Trong chiia ehi cd mdt cdt Kinh Da nen gpi la Nhat Try. Hien nay, chua quay hddng Tay (hddng ddcfng - yen tam mdt chd), kien true theo kieu "chudi vd", phan ngang la tfen dddng nam gian, phin dpc - "chudi vd" bdn gian la ndi tham nghiem dl thd Phat. >:' :.iii-c- :\-.,-. -. vj - n Chua dddc xay ddng bing nhdng cot gd lim. Vi, keo, xa ngang, xa dpc cdng bang gd lim. Mai fthua khdng ud'n cong nhd cac ngdi chua khac, ldp bang ngdi ta khdng cd mau, mui Iddn trdn, phia dddi la ngdi chieu. He thd'ng bd mai eua ehua chiem bai phin ba cdng trinh. Dd cung la dac trdng kien true cua chua Viet Nam. De'n chua, di vao cdng pbia Nam, ben tren ed ba chd Han dip ndi: "Nha't Try Td" (Chua Nha't Try). Khu vdc chiia rdng gin tam sao, dddc xay tddng bao xung quanh. Vu'dn chua trdng nhieu cay an qua, cay dai thy, cay canh, cay hoa xanh tddi lam eho canh chua nhd mdt cbdn tinh vien (vu'dn tinh mich). -u-t o uu;: 89
  24. LA DANG BAT Ngoai chua chinh. trong khu \ai"c chua edn cd nha thd Dja Tang (Bd Tat) va thd' Miu. nhi thd Td dl thd nhdng vj tang ni ddi trddc d chua da mat. Try Tri la ndi nha sd d, Phddng Trddng la nha tiep kbacb va mdt sd thap - ndi ehdn cat cac nha sd da try tri va mat tai day. • ,, De'n tbam chua, du khach bddc vao tien dddng (nha phia trddc) d cda ben trai. Tai day ed be thd dat tddng Ddc Ong mat do. Ddi dien ben phai tien dddng la be thd dat tddng Ddc Thanh Hien (Dd'c A Nam). Trong tien dddng cdn treo mdt qua chudng ld"n. Ll Ddc Ong xong, du khach mdi de'n ll d ban thd ehinh gida, nim d chua trong - "chudi vd". Day la chd thd Phat cd bd'n ban thd td cao xudng thip, la bd'n hang trdng bay eac tdpng Phat dddc sdn son thiep vang long lly va cac thd dd thd nhd dinh hddng, cay den Hang tren cung la Tam The Phat (qua khd, hien tai, vj lai). Hang thd bai la Di Da Tam Tdn. Tddng Di Da d gida. Ben phii Di Da la tdcfng Dai The Tri Bd Tat. Ben trai Di Da la tddng Quan The Am Bd Tat. Hang thd ba la hai tddng Thd Dja va Thanh Tang. Hang thd td la tda Cdu Long, tdc Thich Ca Sd Sinh - tdcfng mdt chu be ddng tren tda sen, mac quin cdn edn, tay phai chi xudng dit, tay trai chi len trdi. Xung quanh tddng nay ed chin con Rdng. Chin con Rdng ay dem toan bd nddc linh thieng cho Phat tim. Dieu dac biet, ddc dao cua chua Nhit Try la cd mdt cdt Kinh Da ddng d phia trddc chua, hdi lui ve hddng Ble. Day la cdt Kinh Da do vua Le Dai Hanh (980 - 1005) lam d nien hieu iTng Thien thd 2, nam 995 dl dang nha 90
  25. CO DO HOA LU Phat, vi nha Vua rit tin vao dao Phat, tin vao sd linh dng cua Kinh Phat. Cdt Kinh Da cd chieu eao tinh tdtang den chdp la 4,16 m gdm sau bd phan da dddc ga lip thanh. Bd phan thd nhit la mdt tang da hinh vudng, moi chieu 1,4 m, day 0,3m. Dieu dac biet d tang da nay la dddc cham khac mdt vdng canh sen gdm 22 canh dcfn bao quanh de cdt vdi dddng kinh vdng sen 1,07m. Canh sen thon. Co le, day la loai hoa van canh sen xuat hien sdm nhat d Viet Nam trong nghe thuat cham khic da. Hoa sen theo quan niem cua dao Phat la bilu tddng ciia cdi Niet ban, bieu hien cho tri tue, cung la bilu tddng ciia am. Vi the tang da mdi cham khle canh sen. Ld mdng ciia tang da d gida, cd dddng kinh 29 cm, sau 5,5 cm. •' Bd phan thd hai la de trdn, tren to, dddi nhd, dddng kinh tren 76 cm, dddng kinh dddi 66 cm, cao 3,32 cm. Ben dddi de cd ngdng trdn dl vao lo mdng ciia tang da. Ben tren cung cd Id mdng. Bd phan thd ba la than cdt, hinh bat giac (8 canh), tren to, dddi nhd bing da xanh nguyen khdi cao gan 2,4m, sd do qua tam hai mat ddi dien nhau, phia tren la 65cm, phia dddi 61-62 em. Hai dau than cdt deu ed ngdng dl elm vao de va thdt bat giae, ngdng dddi cd dddng kinh 16cm, dai 5 cm, ngdng tren cd dddng kinh 18 cm, dai 6 cm. Day la bd phan chinh cua cdt Kinh. Tam mat deu dddc mai nbln li, cham khle khoang 2.500 chd Han. Hien nay, do nddc chay da mdn, tbdi gian lam md nhieu chd d phin tren va dddi, chi cd the dpc dddc khoang 1.200 chd. Ndi dung ban 91
  26. LA DANG BAT khac tren than cdt la khle Kinh Da La Ni, Thu Lang Nghiem va bai thin chu ca ngdi sd ben vdng cua ddc hanh Phat, sd to ldn, bao trum ciia tri tud, tai nang Phat Nhd Lai- ,{:'(ifl Bd phan thd td la thdt bat giac cd sd do qua tam, hai mat ddi dien la 69 cm, eao khoang gin 13 cm, mat tren phlng, mat dddi ed Id mdng dl tren than cdt. Bd phan thd nam la diu tam canh, cao 26 cm, ben tren diu cd Id mdng trdn de lip chdp. Bd phan thd sau la chdp cd hinh mdt chie'c hd Id thdp byng, cd dai, mieng tu, cao khoang 80 em. Hien nay chdp cu da mat, dddc lam thay bing chdp khac. (1). Sau bd phan ciia cot Kinh deu lam bang da dddc ga lip vao nhau bing cac Id mdng va ngdng trdn, khdng he cd chit ke't dinh nao. Dieu nay khang djnh sd tinh toan ti mi, rat khoa bpe eiia cac nghe nhan, ddng thdi cung chdng minh dddc loai hinh thd phap da da cd sdm d nddc ta. Phai chang, nghe thuat cham khac da, thd phap tren da ciia nhan dan Hoa Ld da ed td lau ddi, deb ngay nay tren 1000 nam. Day la sd hda than ciia thien nhien vao cudc sdng trong mdi trddng sinh boat van hda ciia con ngddi, trddc bet da ed d ndi eiia Phat. Trai qua bdn mddi the ki, gid bao, lyt ldi khdng he lam cho cdt Kinh ldn, nghieng va dd. Dd cung la dieu ki dieu ciia da, ciia con ngddi, cua cdt Kinh Phat. ,. (l)Theo tu lieu cua Dang Cdng Nga trong "Van hda Ninh Binh" sd 3 nam 1996. . . . 92
  27. CO DO HOA LU Nhdng ngddi thd da Hoa Ld xda la nhdng nghe nhan tai hoa, ed long say me, thdng minh, sang tao, cd ddi ban tay vang, than trpng va keo leo da dap dng ddpc khat vpng mong mudn cua vua Le Dai Hanh va con ngddi, khien du khach phai than phye. Chinh vi the, hai cot vudng ngoai hien tien ddcfng cua chua Nha't Try cd cau ddi chu' Han dip ndi: "hfc nien Phat thii kim lien dien. ' Van cd Thin linh thach try tieu". Tam dich: "Hdng vgn ndm bdn tay Phat xdy dung toa sen vdng (chiia). TU xa xUa Than linh thieng chon cdm cpt bdng dd • ' (cot Kinh Dd)". Chua Nhit Try nam trong kinh thanh Hoa Ld. Den nam 1010 Li Cdng Uan len ngdi vua, lap ra nha Li. Li Thai Td quye't dinh rdi dd td Hoa Ld den thanh Dai La (Thang Long). Sii' chep ring vua Li Thai Tdng (1028 - 1054) nim mdng thiy Phat Quan Am ngdi tren tda sen mdi vua bddc len. Vua eho la diem gd, ben cho xay mdt ngdi chua theo hinh hoa sen de thd Phat va ciu xin ban them tudi thp. Nam 1049, chua dddc xay ddng nim gida hd Linh Chilu (khu vdc Ba Dinh - Ha Ndi ngay nay). Bd phan chinh cua ngdi chua, hay ndi mdt each khac. ed sd cua chua la mdt cdt da hinh trdn, cd dddng kinh 1,25 met, td dddi day bd nhd len mat nddc. Tren dau try da trdn la mdt ngdi nha nho bang gd vudng vdc mdi chieu 3 met. Bd'n chie'c sdc 93
  28. LA DANG BAT nach bing gd td gida than try da dam ra nhd nhu'ng canh cay dd lly ngdi chCia. Co le, dl tddng niem ghi nhd Co dd Hoa Ld trong tam thdc, vua Li Thai Tdng gpi ten chda la Mdt Cdt. Sach "Dai Nam nha't thd'ng chi" cd ghi: "Do cii nhd Dinh, nhd Le lgi cd cdc danh hieu: Cdu Dong, Cdu Ren, chua Thdp, chiia Nhdt Tru, hen cu vdn cdn. Khi Li Thdi Td ddi do den Thang Long deu dung theo cdc danh hieu ay". Ten gpi ciia hai chua gid'ng nhau, nhdng kien true va y tddng lai khac nhau. Dieu quan trpng la ten gpi "Nhit Try" vin cdn ldu lai tren dit Thang Long - Mdt sd tiep ndi, ghi nhd mdt "Kinh dd da" oanh liet, hung trang mdt thdi vang son rdc rd. Dd eung la dao li "Udng nddc nhd ngudn", biet quy trpng qua khd hao hung eua dan tdc. Chua Nha't Try nhd gpn va xinh xin - thang ngay vin ngan vang tie'ng chudng chua. Du khach vao day nhd den edi menh mdng ciia dit trdi, bdi vi ed cdt Kinh Da, ngoai chdc nang ghi cac Kinh nha Phat, cdn la van chuyin tai sinh ldc vu try. Nd eung la thd linh thieng. Vang, sit d chua khdng thieng. Dit nung va da mdi linh thieng. Vi the ngddi ta thddng tac cac tddng Phat va bat hddng cung cac dd thd bang da hoac da't nung. Ngoai ve dep tao hinh, cdt Kinh Da cdn chda ddng mdt ve dep tam linh, thanh thien, tao nen mdt khung canh ciia thanh nha, rdng ldn, sau sac, linh thieng; dieu quan trpng dac biet la mang ten mpt ngdi ehua ed d Viet Nam cd each day hdn 1000 nam - Chua Nhit Try. / o-<> ^j. 94
  29. CO DO HOA LU DEN THO CONG CHUA PHAT KIM Cach chiia Nhit Try lui ve phfa Ble khoang vai chuc met, la den thd cdng chiia Phit Kim, cdn gpi la Phii Ba Chua Tddng truyen, den dddc xay ddng td thdi nha Dinh, sau khi cdng chua Phit Kim nhay xud'ng gieng td vin. Ddn toa lac tren hen nha ciia cung Vpng Nguyet - Ndi cdng chua Phit Kim da d nam trong kinh thanh Hoa Ld xda. Sau nhieu Fan trung tu, den nay den vin cdn kha nguyen ven, kien true theo kilu nha "chudi vd", phin ngang la 3 gian tien dddng, phin dpc "chudi vd" 2 gian, ddng bing nhdng cdt da va gd lim. 0 gian cudi cua "chudi vd" - Hau eung dat tdptig cdng ehiia Phit Kim ngdi trong Long Cung. Pha't Kim la mdt trong ba ngddi eon gai cua vua Dinh Tien Hoang. Cdng chiia Minh Chau dddc vua Dinh Tien Hoang ga cho tddng Trin Thang (la em rudt Trin Lam - Ngddi ddng dau mdt sd quan chie'm gid Bd Hai Khiu (Thai Binh)). Cdng chiia Phit Ngan, sau lay Dien Tien Chi Huy Sd Li Cdng Uin (ngddi sang lap ra nha Li). Cdng chua Phit Kim dddc vua Dinh Tien Hoang ga cho Ngd Nhat Khanh - Ddng dau mdt sd quan d Dddng Lam (Sdn Tay). Sau khi Dinh Bd Linh dep yen loan 12 sd quan, len ngoi Hoang de, da lly me Ngd Nhat Khanh lam Hoang 95
  30. LA DANG BAT hau. Vua Dinh Tien Hoang cdn cho con trai ca eua minh la Dinh Lien lay em gvii Ngd Nhat Khanh. Vua Dinh Tien Hoang lam nhd vay. vi biet ddpc tai thao lu'dc cua Ngd Nhat Khanh, ddng thdi mudn thu phyc de Ngd Nhat Khanh khdng chdng ddi minh, khdng khdi phyc dddc ddng hp Ngd. Didu dd the bien sd gin bd gida hai ddng hp Ngd va Dinh. • ,.,j.:;l ^y Nhu'ng van sd Ngd Nhat Khanh cdn cd kha nang sinh bie'n chdng lai, nen vua Dinh Tien Hoang cdn quyet djnh ga con gai yeu quy eua minb la cdng chua Phit Kim cho Ngd Nhat Khanh. Ngd Nhat Khanh da trd thanh phd ma c:ua vua Dinh Tien Hoang. The la me, em gai va ban than Ngd Nhat Khanh da la nhdng ngddi gin gui than thiet nhat eua vua Dinh Tien Hoang, thu'dng xuyen gap nhau, lue nao cung gin bd. Cac cap vd chdng nay dan cheo nhau trong mdt gia dinh tddng nhd khdng bao gid chia lia ra dddc. Nhdng Ngd Nhat Khanh "ben ngodi thi ndi cudi nhu khong, md trong bung vdn bdt binh" (Dai Viet sd ki toan thd), nudi chi phyc thu eho ddng hp Ngd, chd'ng lai vua Dinh Tien Hoang. Ngd Nhat Khanh da dem Cdng ehua Phit Kim chay sang Chiem Thanh. Kbi thuyen den cda bien Nam Gidi (Ha Tinh), Ngd Nhat Khanh da mang chdi cdng chiia Phat Kim: "Cha mdy li/a ddi hiep trdc me eon ta, ta hd lgi vi mdy md quen ditc tinh ciia cha mdy u? Mdy ve di, ta di ddng khdc de tim ngudi eo the ci/u ta". (Dai Viet su" 96
  31. CO DO HOA LU ki toan thd). Sau dd, Ngd Nhat Khanh nit gddm xeo ma cdng chua Phit Kim. Mac cho ngddi vd dau ddn, Ngd Nhat Khanh bd chay sang dau vien vua Chiem Thanh dl ve danh vua Dinh Tien Hoang. Trddc sd phan bdi, bit nghia ciia ngddi chdng, cdng chiia Pha't Kim rit dau budn trd ve kinh dd Hoa Ld. Chay chda thud'c thang, thit cat tren ma da lanh, nhdng vdt seo vin cdn tren mat, lam cho cdng chiia Phat Kim vd eung budn ba. Lai mdt tin dau thdcfng vd ban ap de'n lam cdng chiia Phit Kim bang hoang, dau ddn: Vua cha va ngddi anh ca Dinh Liln bj am hai. Ngay sau dd, "Pho md Ngo Nhat Khdnh ddn hcfn nghin chiec thuyen thuy qudn cua Chiem Thdnh vdo cUdp bde, muon ddnh thdnh Hoa Lu qua hai cUa bien Dgi Ac (Nghia Hung, Nam Dinh) vd Tieu Khang (Yen Mo, Ninh Binh). Qua mpt dim gap gio ldn noi len, thuyen deu chim ddm. Nhdt Khdnh vd ngitdi Chiem deu chet dudi, duy co thuyen cda vua Chiem dugc troi ve nitdc". (Dai Vidt suf ki toan thd). "Hpa vd ddn chi", bao dau ddn, tiii nhye da den cung mdt luc, lam cho cdng chiia Phit Kim that vpng. Phit Kim da nhay xudng gieng nddc d Fau Vpng Nguyet nam d phia Bic kinh dd Hoa Ld td van. Chie'c gieng dd ngay nay vin edn, d ngay trddc ciia den. Gidng ed dddng kinh 5 met, xay hinh bat nguyet (8 canh). Gieng khdng bao gid can, nddc luc nao cung trong 97 7a-CDHL
  32. LA DANG BAT vat nhd lpc, thi hien mdt tam long trung hieu sang trong ciia cdng chua Phit Kim, tha chet chd khdng chju tbeo giac chdng lai vua cha. Den nam d day tren hen eung Vpng Nguyet, cd gid'ng nddc ngan nam van cdn dd. Am dddng ddi dai, den cao, gieng sau nhd khang djnh mdt ngddi cdng chiia "Tidt liet trung trinh" ciia vua Dinh Tidn Hoang, ddng thdi cung la mdt trong nhdng di tich cdn lai ciia kinh dd Hoa Ld xda. fij:;' (is? , ." . > ''_ oKi «\j' ' ^'••' '^"r • .- , . ^',\: .i^j vi';u\3 '• . 'li ;•• ''-•; :,'v>\ 'ixt.u^ 1' i;n:'o 'V;t) lt\i:i J'.n.\ 98
  33. CO DO HOA LU DONG HOA SON Td Cau Huyen thude xa Ninh Ml, theo ddcfng Tien Yet vao Cd dd Hoa Ld, qua Quen Oi khoang 2 km tdi phu Thanh Hoang, re trai chdng 1 km, du khach se de'n ddng Hoa Sdn, Ddng Hoa Sdn d thdn Ang Ngu, xa Ninh Hda, huyen Hoa Ld, Day la mdt trong nhdng ddng dep ciia tinh Ninh Binh, Ddng d ldng chdng qua nui Chua thudc day nui phia Ddng Nam kinh thanh Hoa Ld xda. Mud'n tham ddng, du khach phai bddc theo 153 bac da, len dp cao ^n 60 met so vdi chan nui. Ldi len ddng ed nhieu cay cd thy, tan la sum sue, tddi xanh, phong cinh em diu, mat me. Trddc day cd cay Da Ba cao bing dinh nui, than to, dddng kinh ^n 3 met, phu rdp mpt 'khoing sddn nui rdng. Cang len eao, khdng khi cang trd nen thoang nhe. Dddng nhd nui cao da thanh lpc bui bam ciia cudc ddi dl du khach thanh than bddc vao cdi Bdng lai, Tien canh ndi day. Ddng hddng Ddng. Ddng trddc cda ddng, du khach se cd djp ngim nhin toan dnh thien nhien cd non eao, ddng tham, sdng ngdi mi le. Thien nhien nhd da du ai rieng chd'n nay dl che chd, bao ve hoang tdc nha Dinh each day hdn 10 thd ki. .• ^ ^., j , , . ,, ;, Tdcfng truyen, thdi nha Dinh, ddng la ndi nudi Au Chiia. Cho nen ddng cd ten la "Phdi Sinh Td" Nhan dan vung 99 7b-CDHL
  34. LA DANG BAT nay quen gpi la "Chua Ba De ", Dpng da hinh thanh td xa xda. Nhan dan 0 day thay ddng dep da lay dpng lam chua thd Phai. Dpng chinh la mdt "ngdi ehua" thien tao. Ddng cao sau nen "'chua" cang rdng ldn. Cd le. day la mdt ngdi "ehua" \Tj'ng chai da cd td rat sdm d Ninh Binh. "Ngdi nha Bao tang" td nhien nay cd nhieu pho tddng dep va nhu'ng nhu da ki thu. Thien nhien va ngu'di xda da eung nhau tao ddng mdt tac pham nghe thuat dieu ki ma khiem tdn. In minh trong mdt vung non nddc so'n thuy hd'u tinh cua Cd dd Hoa Ld.'•••'•"'M ^ -••'•'=i • Trddc eiia ddng, d ben phai cd hai pho tdcfng bang da dddc danh bdng nbln thd hai dng ba cd cdng tu sda chiia, ten la Nguyin Hd'u Non va Le Thj Sanh. Tddng dng Nguyen Hdu Non ngdi theo the nha Phat, tay phai elm chie'c quat gily mo ra trddc ngdc. tay trai dl tren dui. Tren cd tddng ba Le Thi Sanh deo trang hat, hai ban tay de dddi trang hat. Tdcfng truyen, day la bai pho tddng quy hiem. Van bia khle d vach nui phia ben trai eho biet dng Nguyen Hdu Non va ba Le Thi Sanh sda chiia nam At Hdi - Gia Long thd 14 (1815). • . -T-T;'! nud.t fliTHftt n- o Tddng truyen, vao thdi Nguyin, vua Td Dde trong chuyen tiian du ra Bic Ha, nghe ddn d day cd "chua" dep da ghe tham. Nha vua vao ddng ll Phat, thiy ddng ki ao nen da ddi ten ddng thanh "Hoa Sdn Ddng". Td day ddng dddc gpi la "Ddng Hoa Sdn" hay "Chua Hoa Sdn". Nha vua cdn lenh eho quan sd tai tap hdp cac ngdi md thudc Hoang tdc nha Dinh va nhdng ngddi cd cdng vdi trieu Dinh, cho xay lang Nghia Chung d khu dit rdng chdng 3 miu. Hien ^°° . • iHOO-d^
  35. CO DO HOA LU nay, lang Nghia Chung xay bang da van cdn, nim d phi'a Ddng Nam, each ddng Hoa Sdn chdng 150 met. Nha vua cung truyen cho quan sd tai dp 2 mau rudng d phia Ddng Ble ddng, giao cho nhan dan dja phddng trdng dy hang nam, lay lddng thdc de cung te trong chua. gpi la rudng Phu Td. Cda ddng Hoa Sdn cd may vdn, sddng phii linh thieng, nddc rdi ti tach quanh nam td cac nhu da. Khi binh minh anh len, vach nui cda ddng la mdt mau tim nhat, thdc mP huyen dieu bao phii. Day chinh la cda tien cua ddng, chieu ngang dai 12 met, chieu cao khoang 20 met, cd cay Da Ba, re tha trddc cda ddng trdng rat dep. Ben trai eda tfen ed chiec khanh da to, gd vao nghe trim bdng ngan nga nhd tie'ng chieng, • -. -:. r • r Net ddc dao ciia ddng Hoa Sdn la chieu dai ciia ddng bang chieu ngang eda nui, dai khoang 100 met, xuyen qua nui, cd 3 hang lien nhau, tam dp, td tha'p len eao la: hang Ha, hang Trung va hang Thdcfng. Vao cda tfen, bddc len cao gin 3 met mdi den bang Ha. Hang Ha chinh la "mdt ngdi chua" thien tao. O day thd Phat, cd nhieu tddng Phat nhd: Tam the. Thien phu Thien nhdn, Phat ba Quan am, Quan am Thi Kinb, Ddc dng, Ddc Thanh hien. Ddc Thd dia. Ddc Thanh tang . va hai tu'p'ng Hd Phap cao to ddng sdng sd'ng hai ben. edn gpi la hai tddng Kim Cu'dng hay Ong Thien va Ong Ae (khuyen thien va trd ae). Tdpng dng Thien tay elm qua dao trddng thp nhd mudn ban cho du khach lam nhieu dieu thien de dddc tru'dng sinh. Tddng dng Ac tay dm thanh gu'dm nhd mud'n 101
  36. LA DANG BAT trdng trj nhdng ke sdng bac ac d tren dd'i. Tit ca cac bat hddng d "chua" deu lam bing da. Cd mdt nbangan da cham khle "lddng long chiu nguyet". Vach hang ben trai treo mdt qua chudng nho due td khi lap "chda". Mdt eau ddi d "chiia" da mieu ta ve ddng nhd sau: . "Canh tu anh linh thien cd tai. • • "i: •• Hoa Sdn tien ddng de nien tien". (Cdnh dep thieng lieng tU thien co. ' :.-'•• ' r/l/fl Dpng Hoa Son eo tU ngdn ndm trUdc). Hai ben "chua" la hai ldi di len bang Trung, Du kbacb bddc len 10 bac da, cao gan 6 met la den hang Trung, Mac du hang Ha va hang Trung lien nhau nhdng eiia bang Trung van thdt lai, Vao hang Trung la mdt dnh sic thien tao tuyet vdi. Hang Trung gidng nhd mdt ngdi nha vdm eao rdng, ed chieu cao khoang tren 30 met. Trin hang la nhu'ng khdi da hinh vdm nhim li nhd danh bdng. Tran va thanh hang ben trai cd mdt sd nhu da. Ndi nay nhd dam may ngu sic, ndi kia nhd rdng bay, phddng mua. Cdn day la voi chau, hd phue, sd td nim. Vdi tri tddng tddng phong phd, thi hien mdt cai nhin tri tue, ed gia trj tham mi va nhan van, du khach se cd ngay nhdng nhu da de dat ten, mdi ten gpi ghi nhan mdt tac phim nghe thuat dieu khle tii hoa ciia tao hda, cua thdi gian tren da, gdi hinh, gdi cam, day sdc quyen ru ma khdng mdt ban tay nao cua eon ngddi cd thi lam dddc. Cd the ndi, day la mdt "Cung dien" long lly, nguy nga nhd trong cac truyen thin thoai khien du khach 102
  37. CO DO HOA LU cd cam giae thin bi nao dd. Gin cudi hang Trung ve phia tay trai, du kbacb nhin tha'y mdt khdi nhu da ldn rat gid'ng dng But ngdi uy nghiem. Nhdng gipt nddc d trong ddng hang nghin van nam kien nhan deo gpt lam nen ki cdng dd. Ta't ea deu lunh linh trong nhdng dang hinh sinh ddng. Td hen hang Trung neu ddng da giao se len dddc trin hang va bddc vao mdt hang nda nim tren dinh hang Trung. Hang nay cung rdng va dai deu la nhdng vdm da nhin li tao thanh. Td hang Trung bddc len dp cao hdn 8 met nda mdi de'n hang Thu'dng. Hang Thddng nho hdn, eda hang d phfa Tay lai tha'p, ehi cao bing dau ngddi. Bddc len eao gan 2 met nda, du khach mdi ra dddc cda hau hinh loe, nho bdn eda tien. Nen cda hau la mdt ldp da phang, cd dp cao so vdi chan nui khoang tren 100 met, khdng ed ldi xud'ng nui. Ddng d day, du khach phdng tam mit ra xa la thay nhdng dnh ddng Ida xanh mddt va day nui Trddng Sdn trung diep nhap nhd xam nhat. Qua 11 cd di len eao Jan, ve dep than tien lai hien them ra. Ddng Hoa Sdn la ddng xuyen qua nui nen luc nao eung cd sddng sa, gid thdi. Trong ddng mua he mat me, mua ddng lai am ap. Ddng lue nao eung ed khdi hddng nghi ngut. sang tdi md ao, hd hd, thdc thdc, hda quyen vdi cac pho tddng Phat cung con ngu'di. dan xen vdi "than tien", "mudng thu". Du kbacb den day tam linh nhd dddc trd ve vdi cdi ngudn ma kham pha ra chinh minh de hda nhap vdi thien nhien thanh tao, cao khiet, dl rdi chit nglt, dim say, cd nhdng giay phut tinh lang thieng lieng. 103
  38. LA DANG BAT Ddng Hoa So'n khdng nhu'ng la mdt danh thang ndi tie'ng ma cdn gin lien vd'i phong trao da'u tranh each mang cua Dang bp va nhan dan Ninh Binh. Trddc each mang thang Tam. giae Phap truy lung eac ehie'n si boat ddng each mang. khung bd cac than nhan eiia hp. Ong Td'ng Van Quyen la than sinh ddng chi Td'ng Van Tran - chien si each mang. que d huyen Y Yen, tmh Nam Dinh - da cung 3 ngdd'i con gai va con dau la ba Nguyen Thj Tuyen (vd dng Tdng Van Tran) khoac ao ca sa tu hanh d dpng Hoa Sdn. Trong khang chien chd'ng thdc dan Phap, ddng Hoa Sdn dddc chpn la ndi d cua Bd ehi buy quan sd eua bai ehie'n djch ldn la ehie'n dich Quang Trung va Tay Nam Ninh Binh. Tmh uy Ninh Binh da hdi hpp, lam viec tai day. Ddng chi Dd Mddi, khi dd la Bi thd Tinh uy Ninh Binh da thddng xuyen lam viec va hdi hpp d trong ddng. Chinh vi the, la thd "Than gui cac ddng ehi trong ban bao ve di tich Ijch sd thdn Ang Ngu, xa Ninh Hda" ngay 16 thang 11 nam 1987 (khi dd dng Dd Mddi dang lam Tdng Bl thd Ban chap hanh Trung ddng Ding cdng san Viet Nam), da viet: , ns n'r -fin . "Di tich Hoa Son mdi mdi Id mpt sdn phdm tinh than mang truyen thong vdn hoa vd cdch mgng ciia cha ong cho cdc the he mai sau". Ddng Hoa Sdn cd canh dep me hdn, ai chda de'n xin hay den mdt Fan va den rdi ehlc se nhd mai cai tuyet mi, tru'dng ton cua tao hda d ndi nay. 104
  39. CO DO HOA LU DONG THIEN TON Du khach td Ha Ndi xudi phia Nam theo dddng qud'c Id lA khoang hdn 90 km, den nga ba Cau Huyen re phai vao dddng Tien Yet (dddng di tham Cd dd Hoa Ld) hdn mia km thay chd ngoat, lai re phai 50 met nda la tdi ddng Thidn Tdn. .,.„,;. , . , ;, ; • ,., • , ,„, - Ddng Thien Tdn d chan nui Dung Dddng cao khoing 60 met, quay hddng Nam thudc thdn Da Gia, xa Ninh MI, huyen Hoa Ld, tinh Ninh Binh. •' icu :^_y^ y •••<.• Toan bd khu vdc ddng Thien Tdn gdm ^n 2 mau 4 sao, trong dd ed khoang 6 sao la nui. Day la mdt phong canh thien nhien trong lanh, yen a, mat me. Vddn rdng, cd rat nhieu cay an qua, cay dai thy la canh xanh tdt. Nhieu loai chim truyen bay td canh np sang canh kia, tie'ng keu riu rit, lam cho du khach ed cam giae nhd dang lac vao cdi Bdng lai, Tien canh. -f •.•r,„,.i :; ., 0 gida vddn cay xanh biec, ndi len mdt Phdcfng Dinh cao to, xay toan bing da thdde, pbia Ble va pbia Nam dl ba cda cudn cao rdng, tran dddc lam bing gd lim, Phddng Dinh la ndi hdi ty cua cac thien nam tin nd den td chdc dc budi te ll d day. Lui len hddng Ble Phdcfng Dinh vai chye met la phii thd Mau. xay ddng theo kilu 105
  40. LA DANG BAT "chudi vd". Ba gian ngoai la Tien Dddng. cac cdt vudng deu lam bing da xanh ngxiyen khdi. Hau Cung (chudi vd) thd Lilu Hanh cdng chua. Dddng vao dpng Thien Tdn di theo phia Tay Phddng Dinh va phu thd Miu. Qua day nha nghi d ben tay trai du khach la hai cdt ddng try cao. xay tren hen dit sat chan nui. Gin cpt ddng try phia ben tay phai du khach (ben D$ng dddng) 11 mieu thd Ngu Phddng (Ddng. Tay, Nam, Ble va Trung). Qua cdt ddng try, ben tay trai du khach cd mdt con sd td da. dau quay hddng Bic, dai 1,2 met. Tiep dd la Nha Bia. ddng bing bd'n cdt da, tam mai udn cong, hai ting, ldp ngdi. Trong Nha Bia dat bia da ldn tren ldng con rua da dai 2 met, rdng 1,4 met. Tddng truyen, trddc day rua da de trong ddng, sau dd dem ra dat bia. Bia lam d thdi Nguyen, khle chd Han, mat tien ghi cdng ddc nhdng ngddi eung tien xay ddng ddng, mat sau ghi sd tich thin Thien Tdn. Ddi dien vdi Nha Bia la cdng da vao ddng Thien Tdn, mai ldp ngdi, hai tang, ben tren dip ndi ba chd Han: "Dung Ddcfng Sdn" la ten gpi eua nui nay cd ddng Thien Tdn. "Dung" la nddc chay td tren xud'ng. "Dddng" la can lai, chin lai. "Sdn" la nui. Td thud xa xda. ndi eastd nay, trdi mda tao thanh ddng nddc chay td tren dinh xud'ng, dpi thing vao da, nam nay qua nam khac. hang trieu trieu nam, da va vm
  41. CO DO HOA LU ddng nddc vi dai da lam nen gieng Tien trong rudt nui, nddc gieng Tien lai chiy qua ldng dat di ra sdng, ra biin (1). Td khi phat hien ra ddng, trong ddng ed gieng Tifen, ngddi ta gpi nui nay la Dung Dddng Sdn hay Vu Dddng Sdn. Ten gpi nay cdn bit ngudn td mdt huyen thoai ve vj thin Thien Tdn tu luyen d nui Dung Dddng ben Trung Qud'c (xem doan sd tich thin Thien Tdn d •dddi). ' '"' '^f- - • Bddc qua cdng vao, du khach se choang ngdp trddc mdt hang da thien tao cao dii, vdng cung, trdng gid'ng nhd mieng mdt con rdng khdng Fd cd dii ham tren vl ham dddi, gpi la hang ngoai. Vach da cao chenh venh dua ra, trdng nhd hinh "ban mai" dai 33 met, nhfeu nhu da chiy, cd chd nhd nhdng cai mdc ngin dai. .Mdt sd rl dy budng thdng, quan quyt trdng nhd dc bdc rem trang tri. Vach da tao thanh ham tren ciia mieng rdng. Dieu ddc dao la, td chan vach da deb 13 met ve hddng Nam lai cd nhdng khdi da ldn, cao dai ^n bing vach da, chin toln bd vach da, nen mdi lam thanh hang dddc. Nhdng nhdng khdi da nay chin khdng kin, cd khoang Id thien deu, vda du, cung vdi hen hang bing phlng lat da xanh, hai dau Ddng Tay cd ldi thdng ra ngoai, nen trdng nhd ham dddi mieng rdng. Nhd the "mieng rdng" khdng ngam, luc nao cung nhd he md hdi eddi. Cho nen hang (1) Theo tu lidu ciia Hoang Giap d Vien nghien ciiu Han Ndm trong bai "Ddng Thidn Tdn" - Tap ehi "Van hda Thd thao Ninh Binh" - Sd I - Nam 1993. 107
  42. LA DANG BAT ngoai cdn gpi la hang Sang. Rat hiem cac hang ddng trdng gidng mieng rdng nhd the. rTtr • •.M'ii i • r'ft Dien tich hen hang ngoai rdng khoang 400 m2, cd sdc chda hang tram con ngddi. Chinh gida hang ngoai cd mdt ciia hang hdi trdn, eao khoang 2 met. Dd la ciia hang trong an sau vao rudt niii, tao thanh "chudi vd". Vi ciia hang hep, nen hang trong tdi om, cdn gpi la hang Tdi. Neu hang ngoai la mieng rdng thi hang trong chinh la hpng cua con rdng, Nhd the ddng Thien Tdn cd hai ldp hang, ben ngoai rdng, ben trong hep, hinh thanh mieng va hpng cua mdt con rdng da nhin ve phdcfng Nam, '.,.• !• , .-!.-.-: ,a nf, - '• •'•^ Td hang ngoai, du khach hay xem de dd thd va each bai tri tddng Phat d trong hang. Gida hang ngoai, gan cufa hang trong cd mdt hddng an da cao 1,2 met, dai 1,4 met, rdng 0,9 met, ba mat cham ndi dddng net hoa van va td linh (long, li, quy, phddng), lddng long chiu nguyet, phddng chiu, phddng miia Dddng net cham khle gidng nhd hddng an gd, tham chf ed phin edn tinh vi, sic sao hdn. Dd ,11 mdt hddng an ngoan myc lam d thdi Nguyin, deb ngay nay tren 100 nam. Tren hddng an, phia ngoai dat hai ldc binh da, d gida dl mdt bat hddng da, dddng kinh 40 cm, cham khic lddng long chiu nguyet. .{,; 108
  43. CO DO HOA LU Sau hddng an da la an thd da cao 0,5 met, tren cung dl mdt bat hddng da. Hai ben an thd da dm truy da va phu nguyet da deu dddc cham khle cdng phu, ti mi. Gin ciia hang trong, sau an thd da lai cd mdt be thd ldn lam bang da xanh nguyen khdi, dang hinh ^n vudng, mdi c^nh dai 1,2 met, cao 0,9 met, nang trfen 1 tin, bdn tr&n cung dl bat hUtmg da va cac dd thd khac bing da. Vach da bdn tr§n cufa ddng trong, dddc cham khle ndi ba chd Han ldn: "Thien Tdn Ddng", trdng gidng nhd bdc dai td. ,^ .y. '.JJi.1 Sat hai vach da, ddi didn nhau td ciia hang trong dddc xay dc bd thd bing gach chay dai hai ben, tren dat 18 vi La Han, gpi la thap bat La Han, de tac bing da dddc sdn son thidp vang. Vach da phia Ddng cdn xay be thd dl hai tddng ldn ^n nhau la hai dng Nam Tao va Ble Diu trdng coi vide sinh, tii ciia con ngddi. Vach da phia Tay, d tren cao treo mdt qua chudng ldn nang gan 3 ta, due td ddi vua Le Hien Tdng, nien hieu Canh Hdng (1740 - 1786). Phii chang, hang ngoai thd Phat, cd treo chudng va la mdt "ngdi chiia" thien tao? Xem xong hang ngoai, du khach di vao hang trong, gpi la hang Tdi, ngay cda hang, sau be da thd la mpt Long Dinh lam toan bing da. Bd'n cdt da trdn d bd'n gdc cao 2,2 met deu cham khic ndi rdng may quan quanh cdt. Nhin nhdng con rdng mem mai ndi rd, nbln bdng nhd mai dm vao than cdt, trdng dep tuyet vdi, du khach se cd dm giac nhd chda tdng dddc nhin thay d dau. Mai 109 8 -CDHL
  44. LA DANG BAT Long Dinh vdng cung dp xudng eung lam bing da. hai xa, ben bang da cham khle thanh hai eon rdng. Dae biet la hai ben Long Dinh d dddi dy'ng hai eon rdng da ban than, cham khle thdng phong, than ca chudi, mat ldi, chan nam mdng, theo kilu rdng nha Li, trdng rit dep. Pbia sau Long Dinh cdn dat bde van da cham ndi hai eon rdng chiu mat nguyet. Dfeu ddc dao d ddng Thien Tdn la tat d eac dd thd deu lam bing da va nhdng con rdng dddc cham khle chii yeu theo kilu rdng thdi Li uyen chuyin, mem mai, dang thanh tu, tao nha. Dddng net cham khle tren da rit tinh vi, tinh te nhdng sdng ddng la thddng. Dd la nhdng khdi da cd hdn, thi hien tai nang, sang tao, tri thdng minh va ddi bin tay vang ciia dc nghe nhan thdi xda. Hp da thdi hdn vao da, hdn ciia da cung bay bdng nhd hdn ngddi, d't len tieng ndi rieng cua da. Da la nhdng hien vat viing ben ludn ludn thach thdc vdi thdi gian va thdi tie't mdi ton tai, trddng sinh, bat tii d trong cac hang ddng dddc. Day eung la mpt net van hda ddc dao d vung dit Co dd Hoa Ld Ijch sii. Trong tda Long Dinh da, chi dat mdt tddng thin Thien Tdn bing ddng dang dam da, cao 1,7 met, nang khoang 350 kg, ddng tren ldng con rda. O cd con rua cd mdt eon rin tring (bach xa) dang ngdc diu nhin ldn. Tddng dddc trang tri bing nhieu mau sic rdc rd: mat tring, mdi son, may xanh, mat sang, minh mac ao bao 110
  45. CO EX3 HOA LU dd, dau dpi mu kilu dao si, chan di hai tring dap quy, xa (rua, rin) trdng rat uy nghiem. Hai tay thin dl trddc ngdc, nim ehlc dd'c kiem thin, chdng mui kiem xudng ldng eon rua. ^ Neu nhd hang ngoai la "ngdi ehua ldn" thd Phat, thi hang trong la Hau Cung - "chudi vd" chi dl mdt tda Long Dinh da thd tddng thin Thien Tdn. Vi the ddng du'de gpi la ddng Thien Tdn, ndi Dung Dddng dddc gpi la nui Thien Tdn, ehua d day eung dddc gpi la chiia Thien Tdn. Ngddi ta da lly ten thin dl gpi ddng, chua, nui vung nay. Cung bdi le dd cai ten "Dung Ddcfng Sdn" it ngddi bie't den. Thien Tdn la ten gpi nhdng vj than tdi eao d tren Thien dinh. Theo quan niem ciia ngddi xda, tren trdi cd nhieu Thien Tdn. Ngdi cao nha't la Tam Thanh Nguyen Thuy Thien Tdn. Sau dd la Dieu Lac Thien Tdn, Dang Ma Thien Tdn. Truyen thuye't kl rang, khi xda Huyen Thien Thddng De Dang Ma Thien Tdn do cd ldng tham, mud'n chiem doat cay dao tien ed bay mau sic, chieu sang khip vu try, nen bj Ngpc Hoang day xudng tfan gian tu luyen. Thin da dau thai nhieu kiep de tu luyen, nhdng vin khdng die dao. Sau dd thin dau thai lam Hoang tiif d Tjnh Lac Qud'c. Khi ldn len, Hoang td quye't djnh bd Fau vang dien ngpc va trieu dinh di vao Vu Ddcfng Sdn (Dung Dddng Sdn) d Trung Qud'c de tu luyen. Lan nay. 111
  46. LA DANG BAT thin die dao. Ngpc Hoang ben sai Dieu I^ae Thien Tdn va hai thien thin nda xud'ng nui Dung Ddolig du'a Hoang td ve trdi. Hai thien thin phai md byng Hoang td lly bet rudt, tim phdi ra rdi vu't vao khe da, dl trong byng Hoang td khdng cdn nhd bin d tran gian nda. Hoang td ve Trdi dddc Ngpc Hoang trao cho an ngoc; kiem thi|tT, phong lam Ngpc Hd Sd Tddng, Huyen- Thien Thu'dng De, Kim Khuyet hoa than Dang Ma Thien Tdn. Sau dd Ngpc Hoang sai Dang Ma Thien Tdn xud'ng tiian gian trd diet ydu ma. Lai ndi, sau khi Hoang td die dao ve trdi, thi tim phoi viit vao khe da lai hda thanh quy tinh (rua), rudt bien thanh xa tinh (rin). Riia va rin chuyen di gay hai d vung nui Vu Dddng (Trung Qudc). Day la hai con vat ddc hai do chinh Dang Ma Thien Tdn gay ra. Vi vay vide trddc tien ciia thin la phai dung kiem thin thu phuc quy tinh va xa tinh theo minh. Rin va rua biet dddc tdi ldi nen da hang phyc thin. Thin phong rin lam Hda thin, phong rua lam Thuy thin. Td dd Hoa thin va Thiiy thin ludn d bdn canh Dang Ma Thien Tdn dl trCf diet yeu ma. Thin cdn dddc gpi la thin Chan Vu, thin Trin Vu, Ong Ble, thddng quen gpi la Thien Tdn hay Trin Vu Thien Tdn (Huyen Thien Thddng De). ,iJl Thin Thien Tdn la thien thin, bieu tddng cho sdc manh vd bien trd diet yeu ma cdu giup dan chung. Sach "Chan Vu quan lye" cd ghi ve thin nhd sau: "Trdi dot 112
  47. CO DO HOA LU hon dpn, truyen phdp gido chu, tu chan ngp dgo gidc ngp qudn me, pho hue chung sinh, tieu trU tai ngn, cd 82 phep bien hoa, td sU tam gido, dgi tU dgi bi, citu kho citu ngn".(l) Sd tich huyen thoai thin Thien Tdn d Trung Qud'c da sang Viet Nam. Thin cung trd thanh vj thin eua ngddi Viet Nam. Cho nen nhan dan vung nay da thd thin ddng trong tda Long Dinh d ddng nui Dung Dddng. Than khdng chi dddc thd d day, ma cdn dddc thd d nhieu ndi khac trong ca nddc ta nhd: ' ' ^'Wl '^'I'i'* ^^^AI — Chan Vu Quan d phddng Tnic Bach, quan Ba Dinh, Ha Ndi. — Huyen Thien Cd Quan d phddng Ddng Xuan, quan Hoan Kid'm, Ha Ndi. , .UTV- •,w,/•. — Huyen Thien Dai Quan d xa Xuan Ldi, huyen Ddng Anh, Ha Ndi, — Den Trin Vu d xa Yen Cd, huyen Gia Ldc. — Den Ong Bic d thj xa Long Xuyen, tinh An Giang. Cf nhdng ndi nay, tddng thin dddc tac d td the ngdi, tay chd'ng len kid'm, mdi kiem dat tren ldng rua, rin quan len than kiem. Day la td the dpc than chu sau khi thin da diet trd xong toan bd yeu ma d trin gian. (2) Ngay 3 thang 3 (am Ijch) la ngay sinh ciia thin. *'^ *^ (1) l2)Theo tu lidu eua Hoang Giap o Vidn nghidn cuu Han Ndm trong bai "Ddng Thidn Tdn" - Tap ehi "Van hda The thao Ninh Binh" - Sd I - Nam 1993 113
  48. LA DANG BAT Ngay 9 thang 9 la ngay hoa cua thin. Ngay 25 thang chap la ngay thin xud'ng trin gian xem xet cdng, tdi cua con ngddi dl ban phuc hay trj tdi (1). Nhu'ng ngay dd la nhdng ngay nhan dan td chdc te ll ldn d trong ddng. Tdcfng truyen, ddng Thien Tdn thd thin Thien Tdn td thdi Thye An Ddcfng Vddng (257 trddc cdng nguyen). Thdi xda, tddng thin lam bing gd, sau tac bing da. Den nam Quy Dau (1875), ddi vua Td Ddc (1848 - 1883) thdi Nguyin mdi due tddng ddng. Tam bia da d ngoai cda ddng da khic bai ki ciia Hoang giap Pham Van Nghj (1805 - 1881) ndi ve dieu dd. "Nude Nam ta thd tKdn (Thien Ton Trdn VU) tU thdi An Duang Vitang. Than trit diet yeu ma, duac xep vdo bde nhdt danh than. Tgi dpng nui Vu Ducfng San (Ddng Ducfng San) xd Da Gid Hg, huyen Gia Viin, tinh Ninh Binh (nay la thon Da Gid, xd Ninh Mi, huyen Hoa Lu), trudc ddy co tugng De qudn bang gd tay chdng len kiem, ehdn dgp ten riia vd rdn. Phia Dong eo ngoi den thd rat linh Ung. Miia xudn ndm Quy Ddu (1875) xd ndy due tucfng dong, mpi viec tot dep. Miia dong hp nhd toi ldm bdi ki. (1) Theo tu lieu cua Hoang Giap d Vidn nghien eijfu Han Ndm trong bai "Ddng Thien Tdn" - Tap ehi "Van hda Thd thao Ninh Binh" - Sd I - Nam 1993. 114
  49. CO DO HOA LU Tdi khao cUii su tich ldm bdi vdn khde vdo dd de truyen lgi ldu ddi". Xem xong tda Long Dinh va tddng thin Thien Tdn d ngay eda hang, du khach hay thip nen di vao hang trong, nhin len tha'y trin hang cao vdi vdi, vdng cung, khdng bing phlng. Dien tich hen hang hdi trdn, nen du khach cd cam giae dang dddc ddng trong mdt qua chudng da khdng Id up xud'ng. Anh sang trong hang huyen ao, chda day dieu bi an. Be ngang cua hang 11 met, be dpc dai hdn, khoang 15 met. Td Long Dinh da. du khach di khoang hdn 10 met, tha'y mdt eai gieng trdn, phia Ble 11 vach da; phia Nam xay bao lan, d gida cd bac xud'ng lam bang gach dai 3 met, gpi la "Gieng Rdng", sau tham tham, quanh nam cd nddc. Nddc gieng lai trong vlt, an thdng ra de'n sdng Gian. Ngddi xda da lly mdt qui bdng to cd elm them con dao bau nhd vao de danh da'u, rdi tha xud'ng gieng nay, may ngay sau thiy qua bdng dd trdi d nga ba sdng Gian. Do vay dan gian cdn ldu truyen: :-rir^". "Trong dpng cd tugng De qudn, • "'^ '• "''^' Cd cdi gieng nude nhieu phdn hiem sdu. 1 K:Uii /IJlij Don rdng bdng cdm dao bdu, - ,^., , ;, Troi ra song Gidn phdi ddu chuyen diia". •'"•' • Hang trong ed Gieng Rdng, nddc edn dddc chay n^m dddi long dit dai hang miy dy sd dd ra sdng Gian, Hang ngoai lai cd khoang Id thien dai, nhin thiy trdi cao. Dd 115
  50. LA DANG BAT chinh la dieu tuyet dieu cua tao hda da tao ra am dddng ddi dai. ed sang, ed tdi, cd cao, ed sau. Den thieng, chiia td't bao gid cung hai hda nhd the. Tran, thanh ddng, dac biet la vach ddng ben tren Gieng Rdng, ed nhieu nhu da dep vdi de hinh dang nhd: Tam da, Tam bao, d rdng, rdng bay trong may, nang tien, cdng ehua, con sd td, con hd chiu ve tdcfng Thin, eon ba ba, eung dan ca dang ru nhau xud'ng Gieng Rdng Thien nhien da miet mai bao ddi dl lam nen nhdng tuyet tac nhd vay. Dddng net cham khle cua tao hda that tai hoa, sac sao, vda phdng khoang, vda tia tdt de'n td'ng chi tie't, khien con ngu'di khdng the nao lam dddc. Dd la nhdng "vach gam", nhu'ng mang dieu khle nghe thuat cua thdi gian tren da. Vao mua mda, nddc td dc nhu da deu dan nhd rdi ti tach nghe nhd tie'ng dan thanh thdt, tao nen ban nhac ki thu d trong ddng. Tddng truyen, d trong ddng Tdi nay td thdi xa xda ngddi Tau den day cbdn d't nhfeu vang bac, sau dd da lly di, Cac nha phong thiiy thi cho ring, ndi day cd huyet "de vddng", do ben ta Dung Dddng Sdn ed long thiiy din mach, ben hdu cd Tddng Sdn (nui Voi) din mach, Vi the nhan dan dia phddng cdn ldu truyen mdt truyen thuye't ve Cao Bien, •i^ ' '" Thdi Dddng (Trung Qud'c), cd mdt vien quan, ddng thdi la mdt phap sd sang cai tri nddc ta ten la Cao Bien, thddng eddi dieu giay bay di xem xet nhdng ndi cd huyet 116
  51. CO DO HOA LU "de vdcfng", lien dung deb yem triet pha long mach. Cao Bien qua Dung Dddng Sdn thay gid'ng nhd Vu Dddng Sdn d Trung Qud'c, tin la ed huyet "de vu'dng" tai ndi nay, Mud'n yim triet, Cao Bien eho ddng tddng Tran Vu Thien Tdn thd ngay trong ddng, Truyen thuye't dd chi khIng djnh ndi day la "dit lanh", da't td't, chd chda chdng minh than Thien Tdn dddc thd d trong ddng cd td thdi An Ddcfng Vdcfng nhd trdn da neu, Xem xong ddng trong, du khach ra ddng ngoai, quay ve hddng Ddng, thiy cd 10 bac da, bddc len cao khoang gin 3 met, la ldi de'n ehiia Thien Tdn. Chua quay hddng Tay, ddng bing nhdng cdt da va gd lim nim ben sddn nui Dung Dddng, cd dp cao so vdi mat rudng khoang 20 met. Sddn nui chd nay bing phlng, rdng rai nen mdi xay dddc ehua. Trong chua dat nhfeu tddng Phat sdn son thiep vang long lly nhd dc ngdi chua khac d lang que. - Du khach thip bdcfng khin ll, dim minh trong cdi Phat xong, ra san chua nhin ve phia Tay, thay tren dai da chin vach da hang ngoai (ham dddi ciia mieng rdng) cd dl mdt be da thd, lui ve phia Tay cdn xay mdt thap cao ba tang. Cay cdi mpe tren dai da nay rat nhfeu, ed nhdng cay cao to da sdng hang ngan nam tren da, re cay tua tua quan quyt, dm Ip lay da nhd nhdng "sdi rau" eua rdng, Sdc sdng cua cay vd cung manh me, thuy chung vdi da la vay! Tat ea nhd bao phu mdt mau xanh eiia 1971
  52. LA DANG BAT Td'ng cay tdoi td't. lam cho hang ngoai luc nao cdng mat me, thoang dang, khdng kl.i t.-cng lanh. mang phong canh tinh lang cua mdt vung que. Bddc sang san pbia Nam cua ngdi ehua, du kbacb nhin xa se thiy eon dudng Tien Yet la dddng di vao kinh dd Hoa Ld xda - dddng Tru'dng Yen, tu' day vao de'n Cd dd Hoa Ld cdn khoang 5 km nda. Gan phia Nam dddng Tien Yet cdn cd nui Nddng Sdn. Phia Ble nui Dung Ddcfng la nui Voi. Ba ngpn nui: Dung Dddng, Nddng Sdn va Tddng Sdn hdp lai nhd mdt cdng thanh da vu'a hung vi, vda tuyet ml bao ve kinh thanh Hoa Ld. Khdng nhu'ng the, ddng Thien Tdn edn gin lien vdi ten tudi Dinh Bd Linh td thud chda len ngdi Hoang de. Khi mdi ddng dau mdt sd quan, trddc luc dem quan di dep loan 12 sd quan, Dinh Bd Linh nghe ddn dpng Thien Tdn thd thin Trin Vu Thien Tdn rat thieng, da sda le vat vao eau dao trong ddng de mong dddc than giiip dd. (Dng hda trddc thin, neu dep loan xong, len ngdi vua se sda lai den thd va td tddng bing gd. Tddng truyen, ldi ciu eua Dinh Bd Linh rat linh dng, thin Thien Tdn da giup dng danh tan dddc 11 sd quan khac. Sau khi len ngdi Hoang de nam 968, Dinh Tien Hoang lien cho sda den. td tddng, ddi ten den la den An Qudc (da't nddc binh yen) va sic phong eho thin la "An ' Qud'c Tdn Thin" (Thin gid gin dit nddc binh yen). Nha vua cdn cho xay d't khu nha Tfen Te va Kfnh Thien Dai (nha te trdi dat) d khu vdc phia Tay ddng Thien Tdn, dd 118
  53. CO DO HOA LU khach thap phdcfng cd chd nghi ngdi va te' le. Day eung dung lam ndi tiep ddn cac sd thin nddc ngoai (nhd nha khach cua Chinh phu) trddc khi nha vua eho vao be' kien. (Nam 1978 Ti Van hda - Thdng tin Ha Nam Ninh' khao sat tai khu vdc ddng Thien Tdn da dao dddc hai loai gach: Mdt loai gach tren mat cd ddng chd "Dai Viet, qud'c quan thanh vien" (loai gach lam d ddi nha Dinh) va , mdt loai gach ghi chd "Giang Tay quan" (loai gach do quan si Giang Tay thdi Dddng ddng d nddc ta sin xuit ra)). Dieu dd khang djnh khu vdc ddng Thien Tdn la mdti tien ddn quan trpng dau tien cua Kinh dd Hoa Ld, da nim trong qiiln thi di tich Cd Dd Hoa Ld. Den thdi Trin, vua Tran cung de'n ddng Thien Tdn du td va tu sii'a den. Bia khle d eda ddng da ghi lai sd viec dd. Thdi ki Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945, ddng Thien Tdn da la nhan chdng Ijch sd chdng kien mdt sd kien quan trpng cua Ding bd va nhan dan tinh Ninh Binh. Ngay 19 thang 8 nam 1945, hdn mdt van nhan dan d cac huyen Nho Quan, Gia Vien va Gia Khanh (Hoa Ld) da hdi ty d trddc eda ddng mit tinh bieu dddng khi the ciia Cach mang. Chda bao gid vach nui Dung Ddcfng vang vpng bdi nhdng tieng hd hung trang eda nhan dan thi hien quyet tam di eddp chinh quyen nhd hdm ay. 11'9f
  54. LA DANG BAT Sau cudc mit tinh, doan ngddi vdi cd dd sao vang, bang khiu hieu, cung giao, mac, gay gdc da sdi ndi tiian hanh td ddng Thien Tdn keo ve danh chie'm thi xa Ninh Binh trong ngay thu thang Tam rdc rd nlng vang. Phai chang, ddng Thien Tdn da chdng minh cho mdt chan li: Cai dep bao gid cung sdng ddi vdi di hao hung cua dan tdc. Ddng Thien Tdn cd nhieu thd de vjnh, nhdng chii yeu viet vao vach da. Thdi gian da lam eho nhu'ng net chd md di, mdt sd bai thd reu phong phii kin khdng dpc dddc. Xin dddc chep ra day mpt bii thd cua Tuin phii Phan Dinh Hde. " "TKdn gidi khai tien tU Thuc, Dinh, ' ; Toi tu bi xu thi anh linh. i.wr .( A-rT iT'dt rr^O Quang xung kiem khi Tay ho nguyet, ^ ^' '" '"^ Anh tdn qudn yeu Bde tran tinh. Hiep Phdt nan ddo sinh hda kiep, ii^'i •. H ii-''i '• Danh scfn trudng hp de vUCfng kinh. '^'''^ •'''" Dpng todn nguyet tdc cam lam sdi, - ' -'. .Till. Dung uy qudn le ngudng trgeh tinh." Dich ndm: • •- "• • jri "Neu trudfc than quyen tir Thuc, Dinh, Co tu" bi mdfi thifc anh linh. •iiV Ho Tay trang roi gUofm leo bong, Tran Bac sao treo qui nep minh. jf. 120
  55. CO DO HOA LU Phep Phat khon qua vong hao kiep. Non Tien giu" viing dat than kinh. Xin dem nUdfc suoi lam mUa moc, Tvrdfi khap tran gian bao chiing sinh". Nhd the dpng Thien Tdn thd d Tien, d Phat, vda la den vda la chda. Du khach den day, tam linh se dddc hddng thien trong cdi Phat, coi Tidn, du mong sao cd nhfdu phiic lanh va chiem ngddng nhdng tac phim dieu khic da dep tuyet vdi eua tao hda va con ngddi, ddng thdi edn xao xuyen, md mang khi nghe nhdng du chuyen xa xda li thu nhd huyen thoai. Dd la sd hda nhap gida con ngddi va'thien nhien. r -n .,i.i .;.' , (1 Ddng Thien Tdn chinh la "ddng thien phuc dia" - Mdt mdn qua quy gia ciia tao hda ban tang cho con ngddi - da dddc Nha nddc cdng nhan la mdt di tich Ijch siif va danh thing ndi tie'ng. Ddng da dddc xep hang qudc gia. 121
  56. J AC-' ^ ' i> r.i sl>/ ,Jiirf'I Ko ,nfliT BO driJ > iri'/ .BUfi;.> Bi ^jv ffiib ^ '^ TAI LEEU THAM KHAO CHINH 1. "Dai Viet su- Iddc" - NXB thanh pho Hd Chi Minh - 1993, 2. "Dai Viet sd ki toan thd" - Tap 1 - NXB Khoa hpe Xa hdi - Ha Ndi - 1972. 3. "Dai Nam nhit thd'ng chi" - Tap 3 - NXB Khoa bpe Xahdi -Ha Ndi- 1971. 122
  57. MUC LUC '• , ' Trang L Ldi gidi thieu -^^T^p„3,j 5 2. Cd Dd Hoa Ld 7 3. Ddn thd vua Dinh Tien Hoang 23 4. Den thd vua Le Dai Hanh 45 \ As-^r.S \i,iV-) 5. Ma Yen Sdn 59 ^' 6. Ddng Am Tien '«^^ n.ia • g^ 7. Xuyen Thiiy Ddng '''•''' 79 8. Chua Nhat Try \'^^ '«••' >^A^ - :• mii A(\k 89 9. Den thd cdng chua Phat Kim 95 10. Ddng Hoa Sdn :'\s '.'^ •> ^:\ •^ 99 11. Ddng Thien Tdn 105 .seer men 0' o» ;ii otv, 'nan 123
  58. LA DANG BAT — Sinh nam : 1942 - Que : Thdn Da Gia. xa Nmh Mi, huyen Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Binh " Cunhan Van hoc — Nghe nghiep : Day hoc DA IN : Danh Thing Ninh Binh Tap I So Van hoa Thong tin Ninh Binh - 1993 (in chung) - Tai ban 1994. Truang Han Sieu - Nha van Ion thdi Tran, Danh nhan Van hoa dan toe - Hpi Van hoc Nghe thuat Ninh Binh - 1994 (in ehung). Ve vdi Vjnh Ha Long can - Sd Van hd Thdng tin Ninh Binh - 1995 -Tai ban 1996. Tam Coc - Bich Dong • Cdng ti Du lieh Tam Cdc - Bich Dpng - 1996, Tho Van xua vmh canh dep Ninh Binh (Suu tam. Bien soan) - So Du lich Nmh Bmh - 1996, Thang canh Van Long - Cdng ti khach san Du lich Hoa Lu -1997. Canh dep Ninh Binh - Nha xuat ban The gidi - Ha Npi - 1997. Chua Djch Long - So Du lich Nmh Binh - 1997 Danh nhan Van hoc Ninh Binh Tap I Cdng ti sach va thiet bi taidng hoc Nmh Binh - 1998 (in chung). Nui Due Thuy - Nha xuat ban The gidi Ha Ndi - 1998 Co Do Hoa Lir • Nha xuat ban Thanh men - Ha Ndi - 1998