Một số khía cạnh tâm lý trong hoạt động nghề nghiệp của thanh niên trí thức nước ta hiện nay

Nội dung text: Một số khía cạnh tâm lý trong hoạt động nghề nghiệp của thanh niên trí thức nước ta hiện nay

1. MOT SO KHIA CANH TAM LY TRONG HOAT DONG NGHE NGHIEP QUA THANH NIEN TRI THQC NUOC TA HIEN NAY ThS. NguySn Thi Phuong Hoa Viin Tim Iv hoc. T6M TAT Ddi vdi thanh niin tri thdc, nghi nghiip khdng chi li phucmg tiin kiem sdng, md cdn la mdt phuang tiin di hp phit huy y tudng, ndng life ciia bdn than; de tif khdng dinh minh; dac biit, nd edn tao nen cic mdi quan hi xd hot cdn Ihiii. Dd li nhiing ddng lire chinh rhue day nhieu rri thitc Ire lam viic. Trong hoat dpng nghi nghiip, thanh niin tri thirc nhin thirc khi td't ve y thdc trich nhiim ddi vdi cdng viic, tinh thdn hap tic trong cdng viic. Tuy nhien, nhiiu thanh niin tri thdc cdn yi'u ve tic phong lam viic khoa hpe va thie'u sifsay me ddi vdi nghe nghiep. Ttt khoa: Thanh niin tri thUe; dpng ea lim viic; y thirc trich nhiem; tinh thdn hap tde; tic phong lim viic. Ngdy nhin bii: 20/7/2012; Ngiy duyet dang bai: 20/8/2012. Lip thin, lip nghidp la mdi quan lim hang diu cua thanh nidn ndi chung, thanh nidn tri thttc ndi ridng. Ddi vdi thanh nidn trf thttc, nghi nghiep lao ra thu nhip di ngudi thanh nien trf thttc nudi sd'ng ban thin, ddng thdi gittp hp thue hidn nhieu mtic dfch sd'ng khac. Cd thi ndi, nghi nghiep Ii mdt phin quan trpng, khdng thi thiiu trong cudc sd'ng cia thanh nidn tri thttc. Nhin ttt gdc dp tim ly hpc, chttng toi quan lim de'n mpt sd khfa canh lim ly lidn quan tdi hoat ddng nghi nghiep cia thanh nien trf thttc nhu dpng co lim viec, y thttc trich nhiem ddi vdi cdng viec, tinh thin hpp tic trong cdng viec, tic phong lam viec. Nhttng yiu id tim ly nay diu ed anh huong quan trong den hieu qua boat ddng nghi cua ngudi thanh nidn tri thttc. Nim 2011, mdt khao sal cua Vien Tim ly hpc da dupc tiin hinh tren 626 in thttc trong dp ludi ttt 22 din 35 luii, d 4 nganh nghe (giang vi6n, nghien cttu vien, phdng vien, ki su), lam viec lai mpt sd don vj hanh chi'nh su nghiep TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 57
2. tren dja bin Hi Nl5i vi thinh phd H6 Chf Minh. Bii viit niy li m(>t phin kit qua cia cudc khio sit dd. 1. Ddng CO \km vide cua thanh niin trf thiirc Theo Ttt diin Tim IJi hpc, "Ddng co li cii thuc d^y hinh ddng, gin liin vdi vide ihoi man nhttng nhu ciu cia chi thi, li loin bd nhttng diiu kidn ben trong vi b6n ngoii cd khi ning khoi diy tfnh tfch cue cia chi thi vi xac djnh tfnh xu hudng cia nd" (Vtt Dttng, 2008, tr. 182). Nhu viy, ndi mdt cich ngin gpn, ddng cP lim viec cia thanh nien iri thttc chfnh li cii thttc diy hp lim vi6c. Khi dupc hdi "Diiu gi 6 nghi nghiip 'hdi thuc ban lim vide?", gin 80% thanh ni6n trf thttc tri idi "Nghi nghiep li phuong liin kiim sdng"; tren dudi 50% thanh nidn tri thttc dd cho ring: Nghi nghiep li phttcmg lien thi hien ning luc, y luting cia ban thin; hay Nghi nghiep giup tu khiing dinh ban thin; hay Nghi nghiep lao ra cic md'i quan hd xa hpi. Khdng nhiiu Iri thttc tri cho ring, nghi nghiep li co hdi thing liin, hay nghi nghiip 'hoa man hung thu cia ban thin. Bdng 1: Ddng caldm viec cda Ihanh niin Iri thitc Diiu gl d nghi nghiep thdi thuc ban lam viec? (%) (Chon 3 diiu quan trong nhat) Phuong Phutmg Co Tao cac Thoa Tir tien the Theo nhdm tien hoi mdi man khing hien kiim thang quan he hung dinh nang luc, sdng tien xa hdi Ihu y tuong Theo cau tra 28,1 6.7 20,1 17.7 20.4 7,0 Tdng Idi mau Theo .sd nguoi 77,8 18.6 55.9 49.2 .^e.-'i 19,4 Cidi Nam 80,2 26,0 54,2 47,.l 49,8 16,8 tinh Nu 76,3 12,3 57,2 50.8 62,2 21,5 Hoc Cu nhan 80 1 20,4 53,1 52.8 55,3 17,2 van Thae SI 72,0 13,4 63,7 38.9 59,9 25,5 Ky su 87,4 26,0 56,7 49,6 48,8 12,6 Nghien cttu 72,7 16.8 61,5 39.9 60,1 19,6 Nghe vidn nghiep Giiing vien 72.5 18.8 55,1 40.6 56.5 29,0 Phong vicn 74,2 10.6 56,1 57.6 54,5 24,2 58 TAP CH(TAM LY HOC, So 9 (162), 9 - 2012
3. Qua thil, ai cttng cin cd mpt nghi di lao ra thu nhip nudi sdng bin thin, song dd chua phai li muc tidu duy nhil, muc lieu cud'i cing, die bidt li ddi vdi ngudi Iri thttc. Khi dupc hdi vi ddng cP lim viec cia Ihanh ni6n trf thttc hien nay, mdt k! su tri nhin dinh: "Trudc ddy, hp Idm viic di kiim tiin, nhung xu hudng xd hdi hda nhu bdy gid thi thanh niin ngodi viic kiim tiin ra thi hp cdn cd niim mong mudn Id duac khdng dinh minh trong xd htii, vi thi cda minh, vd'n sd'ng cda minh nhiiu han cha khdng chi dan thudn Id kiim tien. Vd cd nhiing thanh niin, mdc dd hp phdi Idm mdt cdng viic ndo ddy, hp cd thi kiem rdt nhiiu tiin, nhung vdn cd thi til bd di theo duSi dam mi, sd thich cda minh di khdng dinh tdi ndng ciia minh, mdc dd didqt duac diiu dd thi hp ciing phdi trdi qua rd't nhiiu khd khdn" (Ntt, 29 ludi, ki su. Hi Ndi). Mdt nghidn cttn vi6n tre biy td: 'Thd nhd't Id di Idm rdi Id sd'ng tu Idp, kiim liin cho bdn thdn, khdng phu thudc vdo cha me vi vdy tiin la mdt yi'u td rdt quan trpng. Thd hai Id mdi trudng Idm viic cd ndng ddng, sdng tqo, cd phdt huy duac ndng life cda minh; nhiing cahdi md caquan mang din cho minh cd phd hap khdng. Nhiiu luc rdt mudn Idm viec nhting yiu cdu cdng viec khdng ddi hdi hodc minh Idm trdi ngdnh nghe nin cdng khdng phdt huy hit khd ndng ciia minh. Su thdng tiin Id diiu cung rd't quan trpng. Ngudi Ire khdng bao gid bdng long vdi vi tri minh dang cd. Theo thdi gian ai ciing mudn cd mpt cdp bac cao han, tie'ng ndi cda minh cd hiiu life vdi ngudi khdc chd khdng the mdi nhu the" (Ntt, 23 ludi, nghien cun vien. Ha Ndi). Mdi nhdm thanh nidn trf thttc cd mttc dp uu tidn khac nhau dd'i vdi mdi dpng CO lam viec. Ti 16 nam gidi coi nghi nghiep la phuong lien kie'm sdng cao hon ntt gidi. Dpng co xip thtt 2 sau phuong lien kiim sdng ddi vdi nam gidi la tu khing dinh, thi ntt gidi la thi hidn nang luc va y ludng cia ban thin. Dpng CO xip sau cing ddi vdi nam gidi la thoa man bung thtt cia ban than; ddi vdi ntt gidi li CO hpi thing lien. Dttdng nhtt, dpng co lam viec vi Ipi Ich ve vit chit vi quyin luc d nam gidi manh hon 6 ntt gidi. Trong phdng vin siu, mpt sd nam thanh ni6n tri thttc td ra rit coi trpng su thanh cdng trong nghi nghiep, the hipn 6 thu nhip vi dja vj: "Ddn dng md khdng cd su nghiep thi khdng khdc gi dirng mpt chdn Nhiing nd life trong cdng viec cda tri thdc hiin nay da phdn de co dia vi vd tiin bqc" (Nam, 26 ludi, phdng vidn. Ha Npi); hay "Nd life cho vi tri xd hdi thdi, chii vi chuyin mdn ihi it, hiem, khdng cd. Muc dich cd dupc mdt vi tri, cd stf thdng tie'n trong cdng viec, vi lien bqc, thu nhdp thdi chd cdn say me, tap trung vdo chuyen mdn thi it" (Nam, 32 ludi, ki su. Ha Npi). Trong khi dd, mpt nO giang vidn tre diy nhi?t linh, lim huyit vdi nghi tim su; "Em xdc dinh td nay din trudc ndm 30 tudi, kiim tiin chua phdi Id muc lieu Idn nhdt cda em. Mpt nam em tham gia td 5 - 6 khoa hoc, trong nudc cung cd vd ngodi nudc cung cd. Em vdn Uu lien viic hpc. TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9-2012 " 59
4. bd nhiiu ca hdi kiim tiin vi em nghi tri ihdx; Id cdi thd minh cd thi dung cd ddi, kinh nghilm Id cdi khdng hd tiin ra mua dutJc, Viic ddu tu cho viic hpc, ddu tu cho chuyin mdn thi sou ndy cdng cd kit qud, ca h^i se di'n vdi minh. VI vdy, nin em nghi trudc ndm 30 tuSi si phdi tich luy thdt nhiiu kiin thdrc vd kinh nghiim" (Ntt, 28 tudi, giing vidn, thinh phd H6 Chf Minh). Sau ddng co kiim sdng, thanh nidn trf thttc cd trinh dd ci nhin lim viee vi ba ddng CO sau: tu khing djnh, lao cic m6i quan he xi hdi, Ihi hien y tudng vi ning luc bin thin. Ba ddng co niy dupc uu tidn tuong duong nhau. Trong khi dd, Ihac sT di cao ddng co tu khing dinh, mi khdng quan lim tdi lao cic mdi quan hd xa hdi nhu ci nhin. KT su lim viec vi dpng co kiim liin vi ddng co thing liin cao nhit so vtii cic nhdm nghi cdn lai. Trong khi dd, nghidn cttu vien quan lim nhiiu nhit vi dpng CO tu khing dinh vi dpng co thi hien ning lire, ^ ludng cia ban thin. Cdn nhdm giang vidn vi phdng vidn cd li 16 ngudi cd ddng co thoa man httng thtt cua bin thin cao hon hai nhdm kia. Nhdm phdng vidn cd ti 16 cao nhS trong nhung ngudi co dpng co tao quan he xa hdi. Dd cd le li die thu cia nghi phdng vien, phai cd quan hi xa hdi mdi thuin loi trong cdng viec. Rd ring, nghi nghiep li phucmg ti6n kiim sdng ddi vdi bit ctt ngudi lao dpng nao. Ddi vdi ngudi tri thttc ndi chung, thanh nidn tri thttc ndi ridng, nghi nghiep cdn li mdt phttOng tidn ho phit huy y Ittdng, ning lire cia ban thin; di ttt khing djnh minh; ngoai ra nd cdn gittp bo lao ndn cic mdi quan he xi hdi ein thiit. Tuy viy, dudng nhu sd thanh nidn tri thttc chpn nghi xui't phit li su say me, httng thu cia ban thin ddi vdi nghi dd chua nhiiu. 2, ^ thiirc trach nhiem dd'i vdi cdng viec "Y thttc trach nhidm li stt kiim soil ben trong ddi vdi boat ddng cia chu thi xet ttt gdc dp thuc hidn cic chuin muc vi nguy6n tic thdng thudng (Theo Ttt diin Tim ly hpc, Vtt Dung, 2008, tr. 890). Bit ctt nganh nghi nao eung ydu ciu ngudi lao dpng phai cd y thttc tnich nhidm ddi vdi cdng vide. Y thttc trich nhiem li mpt phim chit quan trpng, anh hudng Idn din hieu qui lam viec. Y thttc trich nhiem cia mdt ca nhin ddi vdi cdng vide dupc thi hien d mpt sd biiu hidn vi mil nhin thttc vii hanh vi nhu: thuc hi6n dung nhung gi da cam kit; lim viee cin ci vi nghiem tuc; hoan thanh td't cdng vide dupc giao; nghiem khic vdi ban thin trong cdng vide; lam vi6c tin tim. Nhung biiu hien nay dupc chung tdi cu thi hoa bing mdt loat mdnh di, cic khich the nghien cun se tu danh gii mttc dd ddng y cia minh ddi vdi mdi mdnh de theo thang diim ttt I din 5 (xem bang 2). 60 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012
5. Bdng 2: Tif ddnh gid cda thanh niin Iri thiic viy thiic trdeh nhiim dd'i vdi cdng viic Mttc dd ding 1 (%) Hoin Co bin Niin Co Hoin loin li dting Cic minh di bin toin DTB khdng khdng ntta li dung dung ding sai dung (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. Trong cdng viec tdi Ihudng nghiim khac vdi bin Ihftn 2,0 5,0 25,8 49,0 18,1 3,76 2. That di chju khi dupc lam viec vdi nhQng ngudi cfin cd vi nghiem 1,3 1,7 11,7 34,1 51,2 4,32 tuc 3. C^ng viic lam cho cudc sdng dang sdng chd khdng phai thu 2,0 3,9 22,2 39,7 32,2 3,96 gian 4. Mdt ngudi cin phii hoan thanh 1,0 1,0 4,4 31,9 61,7 4,52 id't cdng vide ciia minh 5. Khdng it lan uong cdng viec tdi 16,9 28,2 30.4 18,8 5,7 3,32' da lam qua loa cho xong 6. Ne'u nhu khdng vi ly do bit kha khang, tdi se khdng bo mdt ngay , 3.4 4,4 17,4 42,6 32,2 3,96 lam viec nao 7. Tdi cd gang hoan thanh mpi 1,0 0,0 8.1 43,1 47,8 4,37 viec duoc giao mdt each tan tam 8. Trong cdng viec, tdi cd gang thuc hien diing nhttng gi minh da 0,3 0,7 6,7 42,4 49,8 4,41 cam kit 9. Ddi khi tdi bo mac qua nhiiu 10,4 21,0 32,3 25,8 10,4 2,95' viec vat mi nhe ra tdi phai lam Diem trung binh cu a Ihang do 3,95 Ghi chu: Diem cao nhdt eua thang do la 5; diem Ihi'p nhd't ciia Ihang do la 2; Die'm Irung binh duqc tinh khi dd ddi nguqc diem minh de 5 va9. Kit qua bang 2 cho thi'y: Thanh nien tri thttc danh gii kha cao vi y thttc trach nhiem dd'i vdi cdng viec cua bin thin hp, song vin tha'p hon so vdi mpt nghien cttu gin diy vi tri thttc ndi chung (Le Thj Thanh Huong, 2010). Tuy nhien, giua nhan thttc vi trich nhiem dd'i vdi cdng viec va hanh vi the hien tfnh TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 61
6. Irich nhiim cia thanh nidn Iri thttc cd su chdnh lich. Bing chttng li: Nhttng menh di thi hien nhin thttc (nhu "Mdi nguin cdn phdi hodn thdnh td't cdng viic cda minh"; "Thdt di chiu khi duac Idm viec vdi nhiing ngudi cdn cu vd nghiim Idc"; 'Tdi id gdng hodn ihdnh mpi viec duac giao mdt cdch tdn tdm"; 'Trong cdng vice, Idi cd gling thifc hiin ddng nhung gl minh dd cam kit") dat diim s6 cao hon nhttng mdnh di thi hien hinh vi (nhu 'Trong cdng viic tdi thudng nghiim khdc vin bdn thdn"; "Ddi khi tdi bd mdc qud nhiiu viic vdi md nhi ra tdi phdi Idm" vi "Khdng il Idn Irong cdng viic Idi dd Idm qua loa cho xong"). Ngoai ra, khi so sanh gitta cic nhdm thanh nidn tri thttc cd trinh dp hpc vi'n khic nhau, cic nhdm nghi khic nhau, chttng tdi nhin thiy, cd su khic biet dang ki vi y thttc trich nhidm ddi vdi cdng vide, "i trich nhiem cia Ihanh men tri thttc cd trinh dp thae .si cao hon thanh nidn iri thttc cd Irinh dp ci nhin. Nghien cttn vien vi giang vien thi hi6n ^ thttc trich nhiem ddi vdi cdng vide cao hon 2 nhdm nghi cdn lai. Tu dinh gii vi ^ thttc trach nhiem ddi vdi cdng vide cua phdng vidn li thi'p nhi't. Ndi chung, vi mil nhin thttc, thanh nidn tri thttc rit coi trpng ^ thttc trich nhiem ddi vdi cdng vide. Hp ludn tim nidm minh phai cd ging lim tdt cdng vide cia minh, phai tin tim vdi cdng vide, phai thuc hien dung nhthig gi da cam kit; hp thfch lim viec vdi nhung ngudi lim viec cin ci vi nghiem tic. Tuy nhien, trong thuc ti lam viec, hanh vi thi hien y thttc trich nhiem ddi vdi cdng viec cua hp chua that sir cao nhu nhin thttc. Ndi each khac, tinh thin trich nhi6m trong cdng viee cia trf thttc tre dttpc thi hien nhieu d gdc dp nhin thttc hon la hinh vi. Y thttc trich nhidm ddi vdi cdng xiec dttOc thi hien cao thip khac nhau d eae nhdm hpc vi'n va nghi nghidp. Thae si the hien y thttc trach nhiem cao hon ctt nhin. Y thttc trich nhiem cia giang vi6n, nghien cuu vien cd ve cao hem cic nhdm nghe cdn lai. 3. Tinh thin hcjp tac trong cdng »iec Mac di nhung ngudi lao dpng Iri dc cin cd kha ning lim vide dpc lip cao, song khdng ed nghia la hp khPng cin su hpp tic trong epng viec. Cdng viec cua mpt ca nhin lupn cd moi lidn quan wii cac ca nhin khic, Ii6n quan tdi td chttc ma hp iham gia Hop lie la hinh thttc lim viec cung nhau di tao ra kit qua chung gitta nhiiu ngudi trong cing mpt nhdm hoic gitta nhiiu nhdm khac nhau trong mpt td chttc. Di cdng vide chung dat hidu qua cao, linh thin hpp tic cua mPi ca nhin trong nhdm lii nii cin thici. Tinh thin hctp tic dd duoc thi hidn d nhiiu khia canh ttt nhin thttc, thai dp din hanh vi, vdi nhttng biiu hidn cu thi nhu: cam Ihi'y thoai mai khi lam vide chung vdi ngudi khac, sin sang chia se, ling nghe ngudi khic, tdn trpng y kiin cua ngudi khac, kha ning trinh bay cho nguoi khac hiiu y kiin cia minh (xem bang 3). Co the nhin thi'y nhung menh de the hi6n nhin thttc ("Mdi ngudi 62 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd' 9 (162), 9 - 2012
7. c^ cdch suy nghi yd gidi quyit vdn di theo cdch riing cda minh vd ngudi khdc cdn tdn trpng diiu dd" hay 'Trong cdng viec chuyin mdn cda tdi, su hap tde. Ciia ddng nghiip Id rd't quan trpng"), thii dp ('Trong cdc buSi sinh hoat tdp the tdi thudng chd y nghe ngudi khdc ndi vd cd gdng hiiu quan diim cda ho") cd diim sd cao hon. Cdn cic mdnh di thi hi6n hinh ddng, khi ning, cim xuc (nhu "Tdi cam thdy trong trao dSi ve mdt vdn di ndo dd, ngudi khdc di ddng hieu ddng y nhiing gi tdi mudn trinh bdy", 'Tdi cam thd'y Ihodi mdi khi lam vile cdng vdi nhiing ngudi khdc", "Tdi thudng chia si nhOng suy nghi ve cdng viec cda minh vdi ddng nghiep" cd diim sd thi'p hon. Cd khoang ti 1/5 din 1/3 sd thanh nidn tri thttc dudng nhu cdn thiiu kl ning lim viec nhdm; hp chua cam thi'y hoan loin thoai mil khi lim viec nhdm. Ngoii ra, gin 1/3 thanh nien tri thttc vin chtta hiiu vi ban chit cia sir hpp tic. Sir hpp lac khdng loai trtt sir phin cdng rd trich nhi6m cia limg ci nhin. Bdng 3: Ticddnh gii cda thanh nien ni thitc vitinh thdn hap trong cdng viee Mlirc dd ddng y(%) Hoan Co ban Ntta Co Hoan toan la dung ban loan Cac menh de DTB khdng khdng ntta la dung dung dung sal dung (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. T6i cam thaiy thoai mai khi lam viec ciing vdi nhiing ngu&i khac 2,7 1,0 32,7 45.1 18.5 3,76 2. M6i nguoi cd each suy nghi va giai quy^t vail d€ theo each ri^ng ciia minh 1,0 2,3 8.4 34,7 53,5 4,37 va ngirdi khac cln i6n trong di6u do 3. Toi thudng chia se nhutig suy nghi 3.7 5,0 20,8 48.2 22,3 3,80 v^ cOng viec cua minh v6i ddng nghidp 4. Trong cac bu6i sinh hoat tap thi t6i thudng chu y nghe ngucri khac noi va 0.3 1,7 14,1 51.3 32,6 4,14 c6 gang hi^u quan di^m cua ho 5. T6i cam tha'y trong trao ddi v^ m6l va'n d6 nao do, ngu&i kh5c dl dang 5,4 34,6 44.3 13.4 3.61 hi^u diing y nhiJng gi tOi mudn trinh 2.3 bay 6. Trong cdng vific, su phan ro trach nhiem cho tung ca nhan va sir hop tac 22,4 20,5 25,4 19,2 12,5 3.21' se kho ddng hanh ciing nhau 7. Trong cOng vific chuyen mdn cua 1.3 3.4 13.1 35.2 47.0 4,23 tdi, su hcrp tac cua ddng nghifep la rat TAPCHI'TAM LYHOC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012 63
8. quan trgng I X Diim trung binh cda thang do' 337 Ghi chd: Diim cao nhdt cda Ihang do Id 5; diim thdp nhdt thang do Id 2; Diim Irung binh duac tinh khi dddtii nguoc diim mfnh di6. Nhin chung, thanh ni6n trf thttc tit dinh gii tuong ddi cao vi tinh thin hpp tic trong cdng viec cua minh, vdi diim Irung binh li 3,87 (nhung thip hon mdt chit so vdi ^ thttc trich nhidm). So sinh theo hpc vin, chttng tdi nhin thiy, tinh thin hcrp tic cia Ihac si cao hon ci nhin. So sinh gitta cic nhdm nghi thi linh thin hpp tic cia giing vien hi cao nhil, tiip dd din nghidn cttu vien, sau cing lit kl su vi phdng vi6n. Nhu viy, thanh nien 11 i thttc cd ^ thttc cao trong viec tdn trpng stt khic biet, tPn trpng ngudi khic, ho cung nhin thttc ro vi tim quan trpng cia su hpp tic trong cdng vide. Tuy nhien, mdt bd phin thanh nidn tri thttc vSn chua thuc su hiiu vi su hpp tie vi chua hpp tic hiiu qui vdi ddng nghiep. Dudng nhu tinh thin hctp tic dupc gia ting theo trinh dp hpc vin. Giang vi6n vi nghien cttu vien la nhdm nghi cd tinh thin hpp tac tdt hem. 4. Tac phong lam viec Ngiy nay, cdng cudc cdng nghidp hda - hicn dai hda cia nudc la ddi hdi mdi ngudi lao ddng phai lim vide mpt each khoa hpc \ ii khin Iruong; hay ndi cich khac li phai cd tie phong lam viec khoa hpc. Ddi vdi nhttng ngudi lao ddng tri dc, tie phong lim vide khoa hpc cd y nghia ri't quan trpng; no gdp phin lang hidu qua lam viec cia hp. Tic phong lim viec khoa hpc dupc thi hien d mpt sd khia canh nhu tfnh ki hoach, su dung gid, su lip trung trong cdng viec Bieu dd I: Viec itip kihoqch Idm viic cda thanh nien tri thdc 64 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012
9. Ve tinh kihoqch: Clittng Idi tlm hiiu thanh nidn trf Ihttc cd lip ki hoach lim vide khdng? Niu cd, dd li ki hoach ngin ban hay dii han? Vide Ihuc hiin ki hoach da lip ra nhu ihi nio? Kit qui diiu tra cho thiy: Khoing 40% thanh ni6n trf thttc thudng xuyen lip ki hoach lim vi6c; hon 40% thinh thoing cd lip ki hoach vi gin 20% hiim khi lip, thim chi khdng lip ki hoach (xem biiu dd 1). Ki hoach lim vide dupc lip chi yiu li theo luin (45,5%) vi theo thing (35,6%). Phin Idn nhttng tri thttc cd lip ki hoach lim vide (72,3%) thinh thoing khdng thuc hidn dung ki hoach minh da di ra vi cd tdi 15,4% trong sd niy Ihudng xuydn khdng thuc hidn ding. Mdt ntt phdng vidn chia si: "Vdi sif hiin dqi eua xd hdi hien nay, phdn lan tri thdc tri dd cd tde phong Idm viic tuang ddi khoa hpc. Tuy nhiin, viic duy tri vd ludn thd nd mdt cdch tif thdn thi cung cdn phdi bdn thim. Cd lap ke hoqch nhung ch! khi cdng viic ddi hoi thdi. Chua biit tu kiim tra vd rin luyin, niu cdng viic khdng ddi hdi Id chenh mdng ngay" (Ntt, 28 ludi, phdng vien. Ha Npi). Dudng nhu lip ki hoach vi thuc hi6n ki hoach lim viec chua phai la thdi quen cia phin ddng tri thttc Ire. ft thanh nidn trf thttc lip nhttng ki hoach dii ban cho minh. Vi su dung gid: Mpt trong nhttng thdi xi'u cia ngudi 'Viet Nam la "gid cao su" - sir khdng dttng gid trong sinh hoal, hpc tip, lam vide. Thanh ni6n tri thttc cd mic phai can bdnh niy khdng? p Thulyng xu^n khong dung gill • Thinh IhoSng khdng dling gilf D P/jJo tlin li 6ung gio D Uidn diing gilf Bieu do 2: Viec thuc hiin khong dung ke hoqch ddtdp ra cua thanh nien hi thiic Sd lieu dieu tra cia chung tdi cho thi'y, cd gin mpt nia tri thttc Ire trong miu diiu tra thinh Ihoang khdng dung gid; chi cd hon 10% li ludn ludn dttng TAP CHf TAM LYHQC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012 65
10. gid (xem biiu dd 2). Cd vi thanh nidn trf thttc vin chua thoit khdi thdi quen khdng dung gid giic. 81% Ihanh nidn trf thttc thinh thoing (59,7%) vi thudng xuyen (21,3%) bi ip luc vi Ihdi han da din mi cdng viec chua hoin Ihinh. Dudng nhu, viec hoin thinh cdng vide ding thdi ban li mdt khd khin v6i phin da tri Ihttc tri. Vi linli Idp trung Irong cdng viic: Mdt thdi xiu ntta mi nhiiu ngudi phe phin li sir khdng tip trung trong cdng vide, mi biiu hiin chi yiu cua thdi xiu niy li vide tin gin irong gid lim viec. 'Tin giu cd le li mdt hidn lupng binh thudng d cic co quan. Vide lin giu dupc nhiiu ngudi vf nhu la mdt su giai lao di lim vide tdt hon, nhit li ddi vdi nhttng nghi nghiep khdng quin 1^ chit vi thdi gian nhu nghien cttu vien hay phdng vien. Tuy nhiin, niu tin giu trong gid lim viec trci thinh mdt thdi quen si lim giim sir tip trung trong cdng vide. Bieu dd 3: Mite dd tdn gdu Irong gid Idm x Khi dupc hdi "Ban cd tin giu trong gid lim vide khdng?", chi cd 9,3% tra Idi chua bao gid; 80,3% tra Idi thinh thoing; 10,3% tra Idi Ihudng xuydn (xem biiu dd 3). Nhu viy, phin ddng thanh nidn tri thttc trong miu nghien cttu nay vin mic phai thdi quen khdng td't niy nhung d mttc dp nhe. Dd la tir danh gii cia hp; thuc li cd thi nang hon; thim chi mpt phdng vidn Ire cho ring: "Tdn gdu, "chem gid" gdn nhu xdy ra d khdp nai va Ird thdnh "thdi quen" cda gidi Ire Viet Nam" (Nam, 26 tudi, phdng vidn. Ha Ndi). So sanh lie phong lim vide cia cac nhdm tri thttc khac nhau, ching tdi nhin thi'y, su khac bidt cd y nghia thdng kd gitta cic nhdm hpc vin vi nghi nghiep (xem biing 4). Nhdm ihac si, nhdm giang vidn ihudng xuydn lip ki hoach lam vide, dung gid, ft tan giu trong gid lim viec. It chju ap luc vi thdi 66 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012
11. han hoin thinh cdng vide hon cic nhdm cdn lai. f kiin cia mdt nghidn cttu vien: 'Tde phong Idm viic chua cd d dqi sd ddng thdi, chd khdng hodn lodni Cdng ty nudc ngodi thi cd tde phong khoa hpc, nhung nhd nudc thi khdng Sn Idm, tdn chuyin, la cd. Mdt sd ca quan thi khdng khdt khe Idm do cdng viic cung it, nhung Idp kihoqch cung chUa Id't, chUa cd kihoqch ddi hai" (Nam, 27 tudi, nghien cttu vi6n, thinh phd Hd Chi Minh). Bdng 4: Tde phong idm viic cda cdc nhdm Ihanh niin tri thdc khdc nhau (%) Hoc vin Nghi nghiip Nghiin Cur Thae Giang Phdng cliru nhan si su viin viin viin Hiim khi lap ki hoach 20.6 10,1 23,6 17,5 14,5 20,9 Lap ke Thinh thoang lap ki 44,9 33.3 44,9 44,8 30,4 46,3 hoqch lam hoach viec Thudng xuyin lap ki 34,5 56,6 31.5 37,8 55,1 32,8 hoach Tlufc hieu Thudng xuyin khdng 3,2 2,5 3,1 2,8 2.9 4,5 van de gid dung gid gidc Thinh thoang khdng 50,1 26,4 47,2 44,1 30,4 50,7 diing gid Phin idn ddng gid 36,3 52.2 37,0 37,8 47,8 37,3 Ludn ludn diing gid 10,4 18,9 12,6 15.4 18.8 7.5 Hiim khi 21,3 12,6 22,0 14,0 21,7 17,9 Bi ap life Ihifi han Thinh thoang 57.8 64.8 62,2 55.2 59.4 597 dug viec Thudng xuyin 20.9 22,6 15,7 30,8 18,8 22,4 Chua bao gid 7,3 15,1 6,3 8,4 17,4 6,0 Tin giu Irong gid Thinh ihoang 81.4 77,4 87.4 80.4 78.3 74,6 lam viec Thudng xuyin 11,3 7,5 6,3 11,2 4,3 19,4 Nhin chung, trudng hpc quan ly chat che vi mat gid gii'c, liin dp chuong trinh giang day, hoc tip. Diiu dd gdp phan giup giang vien cd thdi quen lam viec cd ki hoach, tip trung, dung gid hon. Trong khi dd, do linh chit cdng viec ma nghien cun vien va phdng vien dupc luong ddi chi ddng ve thdi gian. Dd la mpt thuin Ipi cho hp, song dieu nay cing ddi hdi hp phai tu giic, chu ddng, tich cue trong cdng viec. Tuy nhien, thuc te cho tha'y, nhiiu ngudi vin chua TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 67
12. thuc su sip xip cdng vide hpp IS- Bing chttng li nghien cttu vidn li nhdm hay bj ip luc vi thdi han hoin Ihinh cdng vide, liip din li nhdm phdng vidii. Gin 1/3 nghien cttu vien vi gin 1/4 phdng vidn thudng xuyen bi ip lire vi sip din thdi ban mi cdng vide chua hoin thinh. Dd mdi li so sinh gitta cic nhdm thanh nien tri thttc cdng chttc. Trong nghien cttu niy, chttng tdi chua cd diiu kien so sinh tic phong lim viec cia thanh nien Irf thttc cdng chttc vdi cic nhdm thanh nidn trf Ihttc lim viec lai cic cdng ty ttt nhin hoic cdng ty cd yiu id nudc ngoii. Tuy viy, nhiiu trt thttc tre tham gia phdng vin siu diu nhin djnh: Tic phong lim viec cia Irf thttc Ire trong CO quan Nhi nude khdng khoa hpc bing trf Ihttc tri trong cic cdng ty nttdc ngoii, cdng ly ttt nhin. Nhin chung, dinh gii cia nhiiu Irf thttc vi tic phong lim viec cia chinh ling Idp minh khdng miy ti'ch ctlc nhu ^ kiin 'Tri thdc tre hiin nay cd tde phong Idm viic chua thdt khoa hpc; Chua lap ra ki hoqch cu thi Irong cdng viic, chua tdp trung vdo nhiing ndi dung chinh, cdn ddn trdi trong cdng viic, tu ludng chd quan, binh qudn chu nghia. Cdng viic chua biit sdp xip linh hoqt vd hap ly, khd ndng phdn ting trong cdng viic cham, khd ndng Idm viic nhdm kim. Trong gid Idm viic cdn tdn gdu, noi chuyen, khdng su dung hieu qud tdi da thdi gian Idm viic: cdn li mi, chdm chqp, it cd thdi quen dung gid' (Nam, 24 tudi, giang vidn. Hi Ndi). Cd thi ndi ring, tic phong lim vide cia phin ddng thanh nidn tri thttc vin chua thirc sir khoa hpc, tuy mttc dp o mdi nhdm li khdng hoan loan gidng nhau. Thanh nidn tri thttc cd trinh dd thae sT cd tic phong lim viec khoa hpc hon cic thanh nien tri thttc cd trinh dp cu nhin. So sinh gitta cic nhdm nghi, tic phong li vide cia giang vidn dudng nhu khoa hpc nhil. Tdm lai, nghi nghidp cd nhiiu y nghTa trong cudc sdng cia ngttdi thanh nidn tri thttc. Dd'i vdi ngudi tri thttc tre ndi ridng, ngudi tri thttc ndi chung, nghi nghiep khdng ehi la phuong tidn kiim sd'ng, ma cdn la mdt phuong tidn hp phit huy y ludng, ning luc cua ban thin; di tu khing djnh minh; vi ddi vdi ngudi ui tudi nd cdn lao ndn cac mdi quan he xa hdi cin thiit. Dd la nhirng dpng luc chi'nh thttc diy hp lim vide. Trong cdng viec, Iri thttc Ire thi hiin mdt s6 ttu diim vi nhupc diem, 'i thttc vi linh thin trich nhidm, linh thin hpp tic trong cdng vide cia thanh nidn trf thttc nhin chung hi td't; song hanh dpng thi hidn hai dttc tfnh nay chua luong xttng. Tic phong lam vide cia phin dPng thanh ni6n tri thttc vin chtta thuc su khoa hpc; viec lip kc hoach, thuc hi6n ki hoach, su dttng gio, su tip trung trong cPng viec dudng nhu chua trd thanh mdt thdi quen vung chic cia thanh nidn tri thttc. He qua la phin ddng thanh ni6n tri thttc bj thdi ban hoan thanh cdng vipc giy ip lire. Diy la mpt sd diim yiu cin khic phuc cia thanh nt6n tri thttc nudc ta hien nay. 68 TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd' 9 (162), 9 - 2012
13. Ben canh dd, thanh nien Irf Ihttc dudng nhu cdn thiiu stt say me, httng thi ddi vdi nghi nghiep. Sd ngttdi lim viec di thda man httng thtt cia ban thin chua nhiiu. Nghi nghiep ddi vdi hp li phuong ti6n kiim sd'ng, phuong liin di Ihi hidn bin thin hon li phuang ti6n thda man httng Ihi cia ban thin. Thiiu su say me, httng thtt dd'i vdi nghi nghiip, con ngttdi se khd phit huy cao dp su sing tao, kim nhiet Ihinh Iheo dudi nhttng 1^ tudng nghi nghiep. Thiiu su say me cd mdt phin nguydn nhin 6 vi6c lim Irii nginh. Song, ti li ngudi cd cdng vide dung chuyen mdn, lim viec vi su httng thu cung chiim ti li rit khiem tdn. Thiit nghl, diy la mdt vin di cin dupc chtt ^ trong bttdng nghidp, dio lao vi si dting trf Ihttc. Tai lidu tham khao 1. Vu Dung (chu bien), TUdiin Tim ly hpe, NXB Ttt diin Bach khoa. Hi Ndi, 2008. 2. Le Thj Thanh Huong (chu bien), Nhin each vdn hoi tri thdc Viit Nam trong lien trinh md cia va hdi nhdp qudc ti, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hdi. Ha Ndi, 2010. 3. Viin Tam ly hpc, Sd lieu khao sil cua di tii nghien cttu cip Bp "Nhiing vdn di ca bdn cda thanh niin tri thdc nudc ta", 2011. TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 69