Hệ điều hành - Supervisory control & data acquisition

Nội dung text: Hệ điều hành - Supervisory control & data acquisition

1. Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Communication Technology
2. •Seriplex FAQ •CAN FAQ Which Network Do I Use? •Interbus S FAQ Modbus •IBS club •WorldFIP Interbus S •LON works Modbus Plus •Modbus ASI Profibus •Fieldbus compare •Honeywell •Control competition Echelon CAN Ethernet Device Net Seriplex SDS
3. What is a Network ? A group of devices physically connected together for the purpose of sharing information, resources and a common transmission medium.
4. Why do you need a network? ◼ Control the flow of information • security, accessibility, data control ◼ Centralize resources • save cost on local work stations and peripherals ◼ Simplify data / software management • Backups, IS maintenance • Share information with multiple users ◼ Distribute tasks • reduce local need CPU power
5. What makes a network work ? Computers, printers Network interface cards Network adapter Software drivers Network Cabling Network protocols
6. The Basic Types of Networks Master / Slave (Similar to the teacher- student relationship) Peer to Peer (Similar to the workgroup concept) Client / Server (Similar to an automated teller transaction)
7. Master / Slave Network Central Control and Administration Central Processing of Information Polling of Stations Master Slave Slave Slave
8. Peer To Peer Network ◼ Distributed Administration ◼ Independent Processing of Information ◼ Shared Transmission Medium
9. Client / Server Network ◼ Central Network Administrator ◼ Controlled Flow of Information ◼ Independent Processing of Information ◼ Shared Transmission Medium
10. How is a network put together ? ◼ The OSI model uses 7 layers to categorized the main elements of a basic network Application Presentation Layers Designed for Data Processing Session Transport Network Layers Designed Datalink Layer for Communications Physical Medium
11. OSI Model Layers ◼ A Model is used to ensure Compatibility ◼ Each station utilizes the same Protocol Stack Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Datalink Layer Physical Medium Physical Medium
12. OSI Model: Flow of Data ◼ Logical Structure ◼ Data Multiplexing Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Datalink Layer Physical Medium Physical Medium
13. Hardware / Software integration ◼ The upper five layers are implemented with software ◼ The lower two layers are implemented with hardware Application Presentation Software Layers Session Transport Network Datalink Layer Hardware Layers Physical Medium
14. OSI Model vs. Ethernet -TCP/IP ◼ Ethernet does not incorporate all 7 layers because it’s development predated the OSI model Application Presentation Session Application Transport Transmission Control Network Internet Protocol Datalink Layer CSMA - CD Physical Medium Twisted Pair/ Fiber Optics CDMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
15. OSI Model vs. Field Bus Model ◼ The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the application layer Application Presentation Session Transport Network Application Datalink Layer ASIC Dependent Physical Medium Multiple Mediums ASIC - Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
16. What is common to all networks ? ◼ Application message - dependent on software package • The message is created by the application package ◼ Media Access Control • The procedure for sharing the physical medium ◼ Logical Topology • The associations between the devices ◼ Physical Topology • The layout of all the device connections ◼ Transmission Mediums • The physical path used between the devices
17. Various Transmission Mediums ◼ Coaxial Cable Jacket of PVC or Teflon Jacket made of PVC or Teflon ◼ Twisted Pair ◼ Optical Fiber ◼ Wireless
18. Basic Physical Topologies ◼ Bus Topology ◼ Star Topology ◼ Ring Topology ◼ Free Topology ◼ Hybrid Topology
19. Bus Architecture Topology ◼ Single Channel - Broadcast oriented • More delicate to maintain signal integrity based on cable selection, distance and drops/taps
20. Star Architecture Topology ◼ Central Hub • multi-port repeater – Loose star = lost network • channel selecting switch
21. Ring Architecture Topology ◼ Each device is a repeater • Loose node= broken ring Token Ring
22. Free Topology ◼ Devices are wired in any combination of topologies ◼ Usually requires one terminator Star term. Loop Bus
23. Hybrid Architecture Topology ◼ Non-rooted Tree Architecture (ex.- Internet) X25 Phone System
24. Network Extenders ◼ Repeater and Hub Repeater and Hub ◼ Bridge ◼ Router ◼ Gateway Bridge Gateway Router
25. Physical Layer Network Extenders ◼ Repeater or Hub • Active repeaters regenerate the signal (store and forward) • Passive repeater amplifies the signal; adds no latency Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Datalink Layer Physical Medium Medium PhysicalPhysical Medium Medium
26. Data Link Layer Network Extenders ◼ Bridge or Level 2 Switch Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Data Link Layer DatalinkData Link Layer Layer Physical Medium Physical Medium Physical Medium Physical Medium
27. Network Layer Network Extenders ◼ Router or Level 3 Switch Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Datalink Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Physical Medium Physical Medium Physical Medium Physical Medium
28. Application Layer Network Extenders ◼ Gateway Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Datalink Layer Datalink Layer Physical Medium Physical Medium
29. Logical Terminology & Topologies ◼ Node Node ◼ Segment / Channel ◼ Subnet Segment Segment ◼ Network ◼ Domain Bridge ◼ System Subnet Subnet Router Network A Gateway Router Network B Domain A Domain B
30. A Node ◼ A collection of SW objects that communicate over a network based upon a single hardware ID. ◼ A physical device may contain one or more nodes • Example - a router Node Node ID Parameters Data
31. Segment / Channel ◼ One or more nodes electrically connected to a continuous section of a transmission media ◼ May include the trunk line, drop line, multi-port taps and other cable components. Segment Node Node Node Node Node Node
32. Subnetwork (Subnet) ◼ One or more nodes sharing a common protocol and a media access arbitration method ◼ May contain multiple segments Subnet Segment Segment Segment
33. Network ◼ One or more subnets using a common network level protocol where each hardware ID is unique on the network ◼ May contain multiple subnets Network
34. Domain ◼ One or more networks where each network has a unique ID within the domain ◼ May contain a variety of network types connected together with gateways and routers Network Network Domain Network Network Gateway Router
35. System ◼ One or more Domains Domain System Domain Domain
36. Basic Media Access Control Methods ◼ Time Division Access ◼ Polled Access ◼ Token Access ◼ Carrier Sense Multiple Access How will they share the common media ? NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5 Token
37. Time Division Access ◼ Utilizes a master clock ◼ Each device is assigned a slice of time
38. Polled Access ◼ Utilizes one device as a master ◼ Other devices a considered slave devices ◼ The master requests information from each slave ◼ The slave responds to the request Request Frame Trailer Output Data Header Slave - response immediate Master DP Slave Header Input Data Trailer Response Frame
39. Token Access ◼ Every device is considered equal ◼ A token is used to administer access rights ◼ The token is passed logically among the devices ◼ Requests are initialized when a device possess the token Message Message Message Message Token Token Token Token Token Token Token Message Message NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5 Token Token
40. Carrier Sense Multiple Access ◼ No priority is assigned to the devices ◼ All the devices contend for access ◼ Messages are only sent if the shared media is not in use Message Message MessageMessage MessageMessage Message Message Message Message Message NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
41. Typical Automation Field Bus Model ◼ The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the application layer ◼ The application layer will characterize the overall function of the field bus or the network. Application: message specifications Various Media Access Methods: ASIC Dependent Multiple Mediums & Physical Topologies
42. Basic Types of Automation Networks ◼ Data Network ◼ Control Network ◼ Device Bus / Field Bus ◼ Sensor / Actuator Bus Operations Level Data Network Management Level System Level (Cell) Control Network Process Level Device Bus / Field Bus Sensor/Actuator Bus Sensor / Actuator Level
43. Network Levels - Typical Applications ◼ Level 2: Hosts Host • Recipe data downloads • Production data uploads • Application programming and management Level 2 ◼ Level 1: Control Level 1 • Peer to peer data • HMI displays Controller ◼ Level 0.5: I/O HMI Peer • I/O racks and blocks • Intelligent devices – Variable frequency drives Level 0.5 – Process valves – Power meters Intelligent – Complex Sensors Devices ◼ Level 0: Devices • Pushbuttons / Simple sensors Level 0 Pusbutton Sensor
44. Network Levels - Transmission Characteristics ◼ Level 2: Hosts Host • Data: blocks or files • Frequency: seconds to minutes • Distance: LAN / WAN / Internet Level 2 ◼ Level 1: Control Level 1 • Data: words or blocks • Frequency: 50 to 500 Milliseconds • Distance: 300m Controller HMI ◼ Level 0.5: I/O Peer • Data: bytes or words • Frequency: 20 to 100 Milliseconds Level 0.5 • Distance: 300m ◼ Level 0: Devices Intelligent • Data: bits Devices • Frequency: 5 to 50 Milliseconds • Distance: 30m Level 0 Pusbutton Sensor
45. Communication Network Levels Level Network Name Information Type Data Network Ethernet TCP/IP File Transfers Information Level Token ring ( Level 2 ) Modbus Plus Control Network FIPWay Data Transfer Word Level Program ( Level 1 ) Device Net Ethernet TCP/IP Remote I/O Device / Field Bus Interbus ™ Discrete Byte & Word Level Analog ( Level 0.5 ) Profibus DP ™ Set Points DeviceNet ™ Words Lonworks ™ Fip IO ™ Sensor/ Actuator Bus Lonworks ™ Discrete Bit Level Seriplex ™ Limited Analog ( Level 0 ) ASi ™ * ™ is a trade mark
46. Automation & Control System Hierarchy ◼ Automation and control systems can incorporate them all
47. Sensor / Actuator Bus ◼ Sensor Actuator Buses are bit level oriented
48. Sensor / Actuator Bus ASi Seriplex LONworks Speed 5ms 0.7ms 16-100 ms Nodes 31 nodes 64 nodes 64 nodes 31 510 32385 Distance 100m 1500m 500m Message Size 4 bits 1 bit 228 bytes Node Cost Low Low High Installed Cost Low Low High Physical Size Small Small Large
49. ASI Communication Network ◼ Master - Slave Network – polled media access method ◼ Utilizes a special 2 conductor cable for data and power ◼ Data size - 4 bits ◼ 31 maximum slave devices on the bus ASi power supply Controller 24 V DC Network Interface Module Distribution Module Valves Pilot Actuators Lights I/O Module Push Buttons
50. Seriplex Communication Network ◼ Master - slave or peer to peer network type ◼ Time division media access control - 100kHz clock ◼ Special 4 conductor cable - clock, power, data, common ◼ Clock pulse number equals address 24 VDC power supply Controller / Network Interface Module Valves Push Pilot Actuators Buttons Lights
51. Device / Field Bus ◼ Device Buses incorporate intelligent devices
52. Device / Field Bus Interbus S Device Net Profibus-DP (CAN) Speed 4 ms 10-52 ms 10 ms Nodes 256 nodes 64 nodes 32 nodes Max nodes N/A 64 32 Distance 13km 250m 1200m Message Size 8 bytes 246 bytes Node Cost Medium Medium Medium Installed Cost Low High High Physical Size Medium Medium Large
53. Interbus Network ◼ Many third party suppliers ◼ Loss of device or connection ◼ Large physical topology 12km disables complete system ◼ Price competitive PC based Operator Quantum Controller Control Station Compact 984 I/O Modules BDEA 202 NOA 611 Interface Interface Third Party Products T/C, RTD, Servo, Barcode, RF Tag Terminal I/O Modules
54. ◼ Strong points ◼ Weak points • High performance I/O • Low performance message InterBus-S exchanges, deterministic handling – Adapted to parameter protocol setting only. 1 to 8 words – Approx. 7 ms for 128 per device and per bus devices with 32 I/O cycle (2048 input bits, 2048 – No slave to slave output bits) communication – Built-in reflex functions • No diffusion (variable or message handling) • Standardized profiles , interoperability, unique • One level of priority for cyclic installation tool : CMD variables tool, product catalogue • No downgrade mode • Different physical layers – The bus stops in the event (loop sensor ) of a fault on the device – When the bus restarts, the following devices • Activation / deactivation cannot be accessed segment • DIN standard • Fault localization – Similar to Phoenix Contact strategy (components, policies, etc)
55. DeviceNet Communication Network ◼ Limited physical topology 500m Controller / Network Interface 24 VDC power supply MODICON Valves I/O Module Push I/O Module Actuators Drives Buttons
56. ProfiBus DP Network ◼ Large physical topology 24km ◼ Difficult to configure and (fiber) maintain; needs multiple software pieces Controller / Network Computer / Network Controller / Network Interface Module Interface Module Interface Module up to 1200m distance Direct connection to third party products Terminal I/O Modules
57. LONWorks Communication Network ◼ Free topology and highly ◼ Slower cycle times flexible ◼ Large number of nodes 32000/domain Programmable Computer Controller MODICON I/O Modules Photo Sensor Lighting Assemblies Switch
58. Control Networks ◼ Control Networks require critical performance
59. Control Networks Modbus Plus FIPWAY Speed 20k reg/sec 10-80 ms Nodes 64 32 Distance 13km 1000m Message Size 100 registers 128 bytes Node Cost Medium Medium Installed Cost Low High Physical Size Medium Large
60. Modbus Plus Network Operator Control Station Quantum Controller 984 Controller Compact 984 Controller ModConnect Third Party Products Terminal I/O Modules
61. Modbus Plus excellent performance ◼ Predictable performance ◼ As fast as hardwired I/O • Typical token rotation time of 2 milliseconds per node Network Throughput • Maximum network Reg/Sec per Node throughput of 20,000 registers/Sec 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2 4 10 20 30 Nodes
62. Data Networks ◼ Data Networks extend the information capabilities
63. Data Networks Ethernet Nodes 8 - 24 nodes/hub Max Nodes Unlimited Distance 100 m (node to hub) Message Size Unlimited Node Cost Low Installed Cost Depends on Extent of Network Physical Size World Wide
64. Ethernet Data Network Laptop Hub 10Base-T Offices Ethernet Backbone Plant Hub Floor 10Base-T Quantum Quantum Ethernet Ethernet
65. Important Application Information Number of nodes (I/O points) required. Distance between I/O points. Overall network distance. Data throughput required. Preferred PLC Controllers being utilized Bit level traffic quantity Word level traffic quantity Preferred Media (coax, fiber, twisted pair, ) Maintenance preferences Greenfield installation Installed base Preferred vender list